The Research Of Second Language Acquisition ( Sla )

INTRODUCTION The research of second language acquisition (SLA) and its theories surged in the twentieth century. At a first glance, the definition of SLA may seem clear, however when analysed further it becomes clear that the subject is a bit more complex. Nevertheless, a good definition of it could be as follows: â€Å"a study of †¦ the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or outside a classroom.† (Ellis, 1997:3) From the 1940s to the 1960s, a psycholinguistic theory known as behaviourism (stimulus-response), was developed, becoming recognised as a legitimate theory behind SLA. This was a positivist approach towards language learning which involved the interference and transfer between a speaker’s first†¦show more content†¦By providing a theoretical framework, then going on to discuss the arguments for and against the CA hypothesis, a conclusion on its reliability will be drawn. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In order to fully understand the reasons for which the CA hypothesis has fallen into decline, with questions of its reliability in being sufficient in the explanation of errors made by L2 learners, it is necessary to examine other theories behind SLA. Firstly, as aforementioned, behaviourism (and therewith CA) was one school of thought, popularised by B.F Skinner and John Watson. CA is explained in Robert Lado’s Linguistics Across Cultures (1957, p. 2) in which he asserts that those elements that are similar to the [learner s] native language will be simple for him, and those areas that are different will be difficult. By this, Lado meant that errors made in the L2 (by learners) are due to habits which differed from the structures in their L1 and these errors would thus reflect the L1’s structure. However, there is another notable hypothesis which aims to explain the errors made by learners of a second language, that being Larry Selinker’s â€Å"interlanguage† hypothesis. According to Rod Ellis (1997:33), this was coined in recognition of the fact that, although L2 construct a linguistic system that does adopt part of the L1 structure, but is also differs from it and also from the target language. This means that the

The Grimm Brothers Essay - 1152 Words

The Grimm Brothers Any good fairy tale may captivate a child’s (or adult’s) mind, but few could argue that, to be truly enchanting, a tale needs great illustrations. Two of the most influential fairy tale tellers in history were the German Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm. Both very intelligent scholars, they knew how to spin a tale in the most effective way possible. However, they had plenty of work just dealing with the tales’ text, so in the area of illustration, they let their younger brother Ludwig take over, beginning with the second edition of their fairy tales. The fifth child of six in the Grimm family, Ludwig, who was always called Louis, did not necessarily follow in the scholarly footsteps of his two older brothers.†¦show more content†¦His landscapes included tranquil pastoral views from his home principality of Hesse-Kassel and busy urban scenes from cities like Berlin. He also pictured the interiors of buildings and gardens, often with grand parties and important meetings shown in their midst. Showing an interest in nature, Ludwig even made drawings of some varieties of plants and insects. He worked in many styles and media, too, ranging from rough sketches to detailed engravings, from blurred watercolors to meticulous drawings. One of Ludwig’s greatest artistic gifts was his ability to give very real personalities to the faces of his subjects by using various facial expressions and a masterful command of the different positions and characteristics of the eyes. This ability, along with his interest in nature and his u se of a myriad of subjects, including all types of people and landscapes, lent itself well to the illustration of fairy tales. The second edition of the first volume of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales marked Ludwig’s first involvement with fairy tales. Achim von Arnim, who lent money, editing and publishing services, and advice to the Grimms, had only one criticism of the enormously successful first edition of Fairy Tales: it needed illustrations. The logical choice to fill this void in the second edition was Ludwig, who made a series of engravings to accompany the text published in 1819. Since that book was published, nearly everyShow MoreRelatedThe Grimm Brothers And The Brothers1120 Words   |  5 Pagesstories are handed down generation to generation. When the brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, started to publish a different type of story that depicted ordinary characters that overcame tough situations through supernatural and violent means, it caught attention among the people. These stories portrayed characters that not only possessed abnormal characteristics, but also had the lives of their adv ersaries end rather abruptly. The Grimm brothers collected extensively on fairy tales depicting violentRead MoreThe Brothers Grimm, By Jacob Grimm And Grimm1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brothers Grimm, Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, encountered problems that made them print these folk stories. After their books were printed, other problems were created because of it. They had to exchange ideas with many people to be able to write their books. Many forms of literature were explored to create the masterpiece that Jacob and Wilhelm made. Stories like Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, and Rapunzel had horrendous storylines that would probably not make many people show them to their childrenRead MoreThe Movie The Brothers Grimm 1151 Words   |  5 Pagesa really good job making sure they don’t make Repunzel look weak and giving her a lot of power, but they totally forget about the male of the story Flynn Ryder. The Brothers Grimm on the other hand manage to have no masculine stereot ypes for the prince but they make Repunzel look like a helpless lamb. In the original Brothers Grimm fairytale Repunzel just agrees to marry a total stranger and has no second thoughts about such a plan. In Tangled she ties him up and hits him over the head with a fryingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Brothers Grimm 930 Words   |  4 PagesThesis The Brothers Grimm are telling different versions of the same tale, however, they are using both pieces to illustrate human behaviors and characteristics through the use of both young and old characters to provide a deeper meaning and to challenge the idealisms that a person grows up with. Similarity 1 — The role of religion food as a catalyst The bread and the apple both make a small but important appearance in Hansel and Gretel and The Juniper Tree respectively. Representing the catalystRead MoreBrothers Grimm Fairytales 1741 Words   |  7 Pagesfairytales were, I loved certain ones and there were ones that I wouldn’t watch. I loved â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† and â€Å"Cinderella†. As a child, fairytales gave me hope for a happy ever after. I would often go looking for prince charming or see if my brothers turned into talking mice. When I was younger I lived next to a forest. My friends and I would hop over the gate and play â€Å"Snow White†. We would switch up the parts every day and when it got dark we played â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†. Until one day anRead MoreThe Grimm Brothers: Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm1571 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: I chose to research fairytales, specifically fairytales by the Grimm brothers. Fairytales are short stories that tend to consist of fantasy people, places, and objects. Many of these consist of fairies or magical creatures. Most fairy tales start off with â€Å"Once upon a time†, or â€Å"In a faraway land†. Many times in fairytales objects are enchanted and can talk or move. The most common characters in a fairy tale are prince and princess. A lot of fairy tales are retold throughout generationsRead MoreThe Brothers Grimm Essay2439 Words   |  10 Pagesone way or another altering the tale to reflect a piece of their life in the work . The Brothers Grimm wrote hundreds of fairy tales in their life time and in these works they used their childhood experiences as reference. Because of the hardships they faced growing up their tales take on a more gruesome approach to fairy tales. Because their mother was their only caregiver growing up, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm reflec t their fondness towards her through the strong willed, independent female charactersRead MoreA Brief Look at the Brothers Grimm817 Words   |  3 Pagesmeeting her very own prince charming? These popular fairy tales were created by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Their primary motivation when starting their collection of fairy tales was to preserve culture rather than entertain, but entertain is what they did. These fairy tales, and versions of them, have remained popular for a very long time, outlasting most other works of literature. The Brothers Grimm adapted these well-known stories from around Europe to reflect their own personal views, GermanizeRead MoreThe Fairy Tales By The Grimm Brothers1198 Words   |  5 PagesSociety has and always will continue to have a great influence on many things such as, music, to movies, and even fairy tales that we thought we knew so well. More specifically, society has influenced the Grimm fairy tales. The original Grimms tales that were collected would now be considered dark, gruesome, explicit and something that children should not, for any reason read. Because of this, over time society wanted a change in what their children were hearing, reading and now seeing. The talesRead MoreThe Influences of the Brothers Grimm Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brothers Grimm were academics best known for publishing collections of folk tales and fairy tales, which became massively popular. (Zipes p. 7) Born in Hanau, Germany, a year apart, with Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm born the oldest, on January 4, 1985, and Wilhelm Karl Grimm on February 24, 1786. Their family consisted of nine other siblings, six of which survived infancy, and their parents. (Zipes p. 9) Their early childhood was described as idyllic with them living in a beautiful countryside

Business Strategy Singapore Changi Airport

Question: Define the Report for Business Strategy of Singapore Changi Airport. Answer: Introduction Singapore Airlines, which is located at the Singapore Changi Airport, is the flag carrier of the country. It highlights the countrys national sign and symbol. The company is involved customer service to the people and is one of the leading names in the airline industry. The company was founded on 1 May 1947 (Heracleous and Wirtz 2014). It was founded as Malaysian Airways. The company commenced the operation of the business from 1 October 1972. The company has an alliance with the company Star Alliance. The slogan of the company is A Great Way to Fly. The headquarters of Singapore Airlines is at Airline House, Singapore. The company at present has 24,350 employees in the workplace. Singapore Airlines ranks among the top 15 carriers in the world regarding revenue and ranks among the top 10 for the total capacity of the airway. Singapore Airlines has become a trendsetter and enjoy a brand name and value. The International Air Transport Association named the Singapore Airline as the seco nd largest airline. Discussion It has been viewed that Singapore Airlines had developed into a brand name and has become a trend setter. It has become one of the worlds renowned cargo and passenger carriers. In due course the company has become a trendsetter with major attention given to is operation strategy. it has been seen that the operation strategy of the company contributes to the competitive advantage of the company and the reason behind it being a brand name. There are certain strategies that Singapore Airline uses and discharges to the public (Heracleous and Wirtz 2014). Major attention was given to the development of the in-flight services. Major effort is given on the improvement of the facilities and services at Changi airport. It is complemented by innovative technology. It introduced the concept and practically implemented the technology of wireless gatelink. This was implemented within diameter of the airport in order to share data successfully and improve the various levels of functions that were carried out within the organization (Rothaermel 2015). Another example of innovation was providing entertainment on demand to all classes. This strengthened the customer satisfaction, which the company required to maintain brand value and customer loyalty in the process. Therefore, major attention was given on the improvement of technology, which could benefit the company and in the process increase the profitability. The company stresses on training programs so that employees are trained in discharging quality service and consequently contribute posi tively to high level of satisfaction among people. The employees are motivated to looks after the needs and requirement of the customers so that they can provide the best quality service to the customer, which will help the company to achieve customer satisfaction and in the process help the company to strengthen its brand image and profitability index of the company. However, the negative point of this strategy is that increase the cost and investment of the company in technology and training program. Therefore, the challenge of rising cost is an important consideration that the company has to make. It is the negative side of this operational strategy. The cost of developing in house facilities and technology depicts the negative side of this operational strategy (Verbeke, 2013). One of the highlighting strategies that Singapore Airlines adopt is the dual strategy. This strategy highlights the two main aspects of differentiation and cost leadership that the company adopts. According to this strategy the company focuses on providing quality service to the customers. It can be seen that recruitment procedures, high level training and cultural diversity contribute to the quality service that the company provides to the passenger. Cost leadership is another strategy of the company and it can be seen that the company employs low cost strategy to maintain high profitability index (Garg, Agarwal and Acharya 2016). The company outsources the non-primary activities and follows strict standards, low maintenance cost to enable the company to maintain low cost in the process. It helps the company to maintain high profitability index without affecting the price of the service. It creates customer satisfaction, helps the company in making a strong customer base and thereby helps the company to grow and expand in the process. It helps the company to fight competition and gain the competitive edge in the process. In the current situation of price war, one fact that needs to be noted is that dual strategy is a potent weapon to combat this situation (Schofield 2016). However, there is a negative side to this as well. The dual strategy is a difficult and a tricky proposition. Sustainability in the longer run is the major drawback of this strategy. It is difficult to sustain this strategy in the longer run. It tends to involve conflicting investment and organizational procedures (Bentley, Omer and Sharp 2013). Thus, it is not possible to continue this process and strategy in the long run. The airline company follows a strategy termed as internal growth strategy. This strategy embarks on an aggressive growth approach that the company adopts. The two subsidiaries of the company assist the company in growth and expansion of the company. SIA Engineering plays a critical role in increasing the productivity and assumption of better opportunities in business (Lin 2015). The advent of globalization has led the company to expand internationally and indulge in cross country dealings. The company invests in different airline companies and develops new subsidiaries in different countries so that it improves and provides enhanced level of support to its airlines. The investment helps the company to improve the various elements of the company. It helps to renovate the cabin and other necessary departments that are subjected to continuous scrutiny and maintenance. It helps the company to keep the price level low and enables the company to have a high bargaining power over the suppli ers. It gives the company the competitive edge and the brand value that the company genuinely requires. it assists the company in expanding its size, fleet and adds route. However, this strategy has its necessary pitfalls as well. It can be seen that globalization has mixed blessings. The cyclical trend of economy has a major effect on this strategy. The Asian Financial Crisis compelled the company to re-evaluate and re assess the operation cost of the company and the investments it made it different airline companies because the financial crisis had a major effect on the investments and operation cost of the company (Johnson 2014). The customer oriented approach adopted by the company makes it give significant emphasis on the service that is given to people. For this purpose, training programs are given primary importance. The emphasis is given on training the recruits and employees about the importance of culture and cultural diversity. It majorly stresses deportments and ethical practices. It emphasises on effective communication level that will ensure better understanding and communication with the passengers. The cabin crew of the company are effectively trained to efficiently communicate with American, Chinese and Japanese passengers (Schofield 2016). However, it can be seen that such training programs are expensive and time consuming. It increases the expenditure level of the company and at the same time it is noticed that cultural issues are very critical and sensitive issue and thus, there could be major shortcomings in such regards. On evaluating the swot analysis of the company, the advantages and feasibility of the strategies and operations can be depicted. It is seen that the strength of the company lies in strong customer, proper hub in Singapore and able support from the Government. The weakness of the company is seen in international traffic, high competition, tension between trade union and management. Opportunities include improvising training programs, global expansion policies in Middle East, China and India. The threat for the company is noticed in the increasing price of oil and fuel cost. Increasing number of competitors also pose a major threat to the company (Buckley, Burton and Mirza 2016). Conclusion Thus, concluding the essay, it can be viewed that the business strategies adopted by Singapore Airlines is highly strategic and efficient. There are certain pitfalls that is noticed in the strategies and approach assumed by the company. The dual strategy adopted by the company is highly beneficial and it ensures that the company has a high customer base and high profitability index. These strategies have helped the company to ensure a sound customer base with good and resounding profitability level. The company has been a global name and the increasing brand value in the airline industry. The critical evaluation of the business strategies of the company shows the pros and cons of these strategies and highlights the scope of the company in terms of growth and profit in the longer run. Reference List Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Buckley, P.J., Burton, F. and Mirza, H. eds., 2016.The strategy and organization of international business. Springer. Garg, M., Agarwal, D. and Acharya, S., 2016. A Study on Sensory Advertising and Impact on Consumer Behaviour 2016.PARIPEX-Indian Journal of Research,5(2). Heracleous, L. and Wirtz, J., 2014. Singapore Airlines: Achieving sustainable advantage through mastering paradox.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, p.0021886314522323. Johnson, B., 2014. Reflections: A perspective on paradox and its application to modern management.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,50(2), pp.206-212. Lin, Y.H., 2015. Innovative brand experience's influence on brand equity and brand satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(11), pp.2254-2259. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Schofield, A., 2016. Mixing models: Singapore Airlines refines the formula for low-cost carrier ownership.Aviation Week Space Technology. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press.

The Corner Shop free essay sample

Analysis and interpretation of †The Corner Shop† In the last decades globalization has forced every country in the world to define what values and unique characteristics makes the country different and exceptional. The essay â€Å"The Corner Shop† is written by the British writer and former journalist at the centre-left liberal newspaper The Guardian Shyama Pereras in 2000, and it deals with this exact topic. She puts focus on how globalization has taken a thing considered as a unique specimen of a nation and changed it into something foreign. The corner shop stands today as a daily reminder that we all live in a global village. Shyama Pereras starts her essay with a quote from the Sunday Times that says â€Å"if your surname is Partel, you’re seven times more likely to be a millionaire than if your name is Smith†. To understand this statement, it’s important to understand the history of the name Partel. We will write a custom essay sample on The Corner Shop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Partel is a surname of Indian origin. Within the United Kingdom, it is the twenty-fourth most common surname nationally, and in central London it is third most common. When The Sunday Times uses Partel in comparison with the surname Smith, which is the most common name in the United Kingdom, she puts every Englishman up against every middle-eastern immigrant in the United Kingdom. What the Sunday Times really is saying, is that when you’re a middle-eastern immigrant you have a much bigger chance of being a millionaire than if your part of the indigenous English population. Pereras chooses to involve this Sunday Times â€Å"rich list†, to underline the actuality and legitimacy, which this topic has in today’s society. To exemplify she gives a daily example that especially Englishmen know and can relate to: The corner shop. This compressed form of shop where you can buy the basics such as alcoholic and soft drinks, newspaper, magazines and simple groceries has since the concepts entry been considered as a core-British asset. Shyama Pereras describes the corner shop as much more than just a little shop; it is â€Å"the center of community life†, these sights are used for locals to meet and greet. Back in time Brits used these shops as a place where they could buy their â€Å"New Zealand butter, Ceylon Tea and the Daily Herald† – all goods that are British trademarks. However did the Corner Shops undergo a drastic change up through the centuries – as the increasing globalization took its toll in the last part of 19th century, the assortment of different supplies from around the world expanded and suddenly there was a decline in demand of old traditional British articles. Here Shyama Pereras uses her own experience to further clarify this development. Her local corner shop sold the articles that you would expect from a shop like that however did a similar shop with an Indian owner expand the range of goods so it now also included readymade curry chicken, even to an unbeatable price. As a result of this, the traditional corner shop weren’t able to compete and had to close down. This wasn’t an exceptional case, the vast majority of the traditional British corner shops were replaced by a redesigned, more efficient, middle-eastern business model. Shyama Pereras doesn’t show a particular opinion in this essay. She simply explain how globalization has had its impact on our everyday life. The urbanization and multicultural flow has turned the view on what is considered as a unique characteristic of a nation and what is foreign, upside down. She calls the foreigners who came and overtook the corner shop market â€Å"innovative reinventions†. Foreign people came to the shores of the United Kingdom and took something that was the very essence of being British and changed it into something better and more efficient – it may not be as tradition-bound, but the indigenous British people has accepted this in return of a much more varied, and for some, more exciting and exotic selection of goods. Another explanation to this phenomenon could be that the Brits don’t see it as a â€Å"high status job† to be standing behind a counter all day. It may have been more socially acceptable in the old days to own a corner shop than it is today due to the economic growth of the western hemisphere and an increasing number of immigrants, who would be more than satisfied with a job in a corner shop. Shyama Pereras deals with globalization as the general theme in this essay. She tries to give an answer to how the corner shop has changed from being a symbol of nationality, to a symbol of internationality. Pereras writes through the eyes of an indigenous Brit by saying â€Å"we didn’t like† and â€Å"none of us saw at the time† which gives a feeling of her being a part of the affected group of globalization. Shyama Pereras concludes her essay with the statement: â€Å"the concept, steeped in white British history, is now a marker of our multi-ethnic future. † This underlines a tendency in modern society: that what is a national unique gem today – may be global mainstream tomorrow. .

Using Contests as Door Openers

Using Contests as Door Openers In a world where its near impossible to land an agent or publisher, and indie publishing appears to be a monstrosity of complexities, it might be time to consider contests. And dont talk about how most of them are scams, either. There are more publishing scams out there than contests, my friend. Why focus on contests when your goal is publishing? Because contests are a roundabout way to open a door to getting published. And you get to toy around with submitting more than that book youve obsessed over. You can also submit novellas, short stories, flash fiction, and poetry. Suggestions on entering contests to aid your career: 1) Stick to contests that result in publication. Whether its a website, a journal, or a publishing house, getting publication credits in your portfolio matters. You need credibility. 2) Extract from your book-length work and create a short piece or two. There are way more short story competitions than novels contests. Take the gist of your longer piece and turn it into a short submission. The point is to make people realize you can write. If you win, THEN tell them you also write novels. 3) Choose reputable contests, not something cutesy and cheap, so that when you win you are respected, not chuckled at. Show that even when you enter contests, you are a professional. 4) Be willing to pay entry fees. They fund the publishing, the judging, and the prize money. Better to pay $25 to enter and win $1,000 than pay $0 and win $50. The latter doesnt look as good on a resume or pitch letter. 5) Consider those contests that offer feedback. Those critiques might right some wrongs in your work. 6) Choose contests where the judges are agents, publishers, or editors. Even if you dont win, you might catch someones eye. Some authors enter contests regularly while still pursuing publication. Theres no point in passing up this sort of opportunity. Especially during a time that writers are a dime-a-dozen and landing attention is like screaming into the wind. While youre planning your query letters or indie promotion, make time for a contest or two each month. It might be the catalyst to take that stalling writing career to a higher level.

Rule of Thumb

Rule of Thumb Rule of Thumb Rule of Thumb By Maeve Maddox Reader Cynthia Turney  asks Do you know where the phrase rule of thumb came from? This is a figurative expression that means a general guideline that has a broad application, but which is not strictly accurate in every case. I hope that by now everyone knows that this expression does not come from an ancient law limiting the circumference of the stick a man could use to beat his wife. The expression originates from some forgotten literal context in which a craftsman or farmer used his thumb (about an inch) as a unit of measurement. The word rule in this expression does not mean principle or maxim as in Roberts Rules of Order. It has more to do with ruler, meaning something to measure with or a strip used for making straight lines. Body parts have long been used as units of measurement. See the DWT post Body Parts As Tools of Measurement. This Wikipedia article on rule of thumb will tell you all you can want to know about the expressions false etymology. (There used to be an article on this expression at Snopes.com, but I couldnt find it last time I looked.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withWriting the CenturyHonorary vs. Honourary

Explain how the molecular structure of cell membranes accounts for Essay

Explain how the molecular structure of cell membranes accounts for their selective permeability - Essay Example Other than proteins and lipids the cell membrane also consists of carbohydrates which form a layer outside the cell membrane to serve specific functions of the body. The proteins have a very important role to play in maintaining the shape of the cell membrane which is crucial for maintaining the form and working of the cell as well. They have other important roles not only restricted to the maintenance of functioning and integrity of cell membrane but also in the intracellular metabolic activities. This is because proteins act as receptors for several hormones as well as transmitters which then alter the metabolic activities taking place within the cell. Another important aspect of proteins is that most of the enzymes in the human body are proteins. Most of the intracellular reactions that take place are catalyzed by enzymes and hence proteins are central to the normal functioning of the cells. In the cell membrane certain proteins act as enzymes and they assist in carrying out react ions on the cell membrane surface. Proteins also act as cell adhesion molecules. These molecules possess the capability of attaching the cells to each other and also attaching the cell to the basal lamina. Proteins also have the ability to work as pumps for the passage of ions by the process of active transport which works against the normal diffusion gradient. They also act as carriers and work in moving substances by the process of facilitated diffusion which involves the movement of secondary substances in association with proteins for the purpose of transport. Another important role is as ion channels which only work upon stimulation and activation and allow the movement of ions in the intracellular or extracellular space. Glycoprotein’s present on the cell membrane also have functions related to the immune system. They function in the activities of the antibodies within the body and assist in recognizing the cells of the body from the foreign cells. Thus they protect the cells of the body from undergoing an autoimmune attack. The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane also plays an integral role in the selective permeability of the cell membrane. The bilayer is composed of phospholipids which are hydrophobic at one end and hydrophilic at one end (Guyton & Hall 2006; Ganong 2005). The question now arises as to how these two important molecules help in the selective permeability of the cell membrane. The lipid layer acts as a barrier for water soluble products such as glucose and urea whereas fat soluble substances can be moved through this lipid bilayer because of its properties. The steroid cholesterol plays an important role in maintaining the permeability of the cell membrane. Cholesterol has properties of lipids with a steroid nucleus and hence it only allows fat soluble products to pass through. It is through this lipid bilayer that the cell membrane gets the property of impermeability. The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane also does not allow the complex processes of active transport to occur through it. It only allows passive diffusion of certain substances inside the cell. One may ask as to how the cell survives without essential water soluble products of glucose when the lipid bilayer does not allow them to move inside the cell. The answer to this lies in the complexity of the protein molecules embedded in the cell membrane. It is for this purpose that specific carrier proteins have

Large Scale Software Development Research Paper

Large Scale Software Development - Research Paper Example College diploma courses take three years and are offered by various colleges across the country. The majority of the people i.e. 80% live in abject poverty i.e. they cannot spend more than one dollar per day. Due to this most students cannot afford to pay for their education expenses which cover tuition, building and development expenses, food and catering, money to buy books and lastly the school uniform. Before free education was introduced most of the student dropped out of school due to lack of school fees. The government at that time was corrupt and very inefficient, these lend to a massive deterioration of the country education sector, and international funds were also not available as donor funds were withheld due to the many corruption scandals. In January 2003, the national rainbow coalition government took power with the promise to bring free primary education to help the poor illiterate student to attain basic education. Free primary education was implemented. This saw a massive enrollment of a student with classes which had 50 students now have more than 100 students . In Nairobi, the student population tripled. Free primary education has been advantageous. Many unlearned Kenyan have benefited from it. It was surprising that even old men joined the primary school. The limitations were however noticeable as the teacher's workload became enormous such that they were not able to handle the number of students. This, in a way, lends to a decline in the overall performance of public primary schools or. The classes are typically overcrowded. In 2008 the government implemented free secondary education, free secondary education has many setbacks as a student are still required to pay some amount in terms of development fees. Education in private schools, unlike the public school, is high tech with state of the art computers, swimming pools, well-trained teachers, student boarding facilities among other facilities. The student is however required to pay a lot of money to join these schools, these schools are dominated by the middle class and high-class citizens who can afford the fees charged.

Black People Essay Example for Free

Black People Essay Tar Baby Toni Morrison’s novel might for some be a novel of cultural awakening. One also might at their first reading and perhaps also by reading the different studies made on Tar Baby, restricted to an interpretation that sees Jadine, Morrison’s protagonist, as woman who has, consciously or unconsciously, lost her â€Å"ancient properties† (305) and internalized the values of a white culture. Jadine has totally disconnected herself from her racial identity and cultural heritage. This reading is supported by the fact that Jadine has got her education in Europe with the financial assistance of Valerian Street (her aunt’s and uncle’s employer). Paraphrasing Marylyn sanders Mobley – the characterization of the protagonist, Jadine, draws attention to a fundamental problem as one that Morrison wants to affirm the self-reliance and freedom of a black woman who makes choices for her own life on her own terms. She also seeks to point out the dangers that can happen to the totally self-reliant if there is no historical connection. While the conflict in Tar Baby is undoubtedly â€Å"between assimilation and cultural nationalism represented by the sealskin coat Ryk has given her and the pie table† (Rayson, 94), the limiting categories which Jadine is continually forced into do not come from the white characters but primarily from the black community in which she finds herself because she (Jadine) has embraced white stereotypes along with white culture. While Valerian is portrayed as the traditional master-figure in the novel, it is actually Son, Sydney and Ondine, and the folk past represented by the different women in different places that try to conquer and dominate Jadine, who retain and represent their culture in the very colour of their skin. On the other hand, one could argue that it is as a result of Jadine’s university education in Europe and her career that further draws her away from her culture and identity and therefore (paraphrasing Mobley in Toni Morrison critical perspectives past and present) contributes significantly to the emotional and spiritual uncertainty that plague her as well as the many different roles that are imposed upon her by her aunt and uncle as well as the ‘society’ that caused her to seek upward social mobility. Sydney and Ondine, Jadine’s uncle and aunt in the novel can be seen as representative of one of the tar pits for Jadine. They do not accept all black people equal in the community in which they live because they employ racial hierarchies. Ondine sees herself as the only woman in the house (209), while Sydney notes more than twice that he is a Philadelphia Negro, â€Å"the proudest people in the race† (61). They seem to have a clear vision of what they want for Jadine their niece. As the story progresses, though, it becomes clearer that it is not actually a question of what they want for Jadine but what they want of her or expect her to do. In addition to them wanting Jadine to provide them safety and credit for their race, Ondine admits by the end of the novel, â€Å"maybe I just wanted her to feel sorry for us [ ] and that’s a lowdown wish if I ever had one† (282). Jadine understands that Sydney and Ondine â€Å"had gotten Valerian to pay her tuition while they sent her the rest† (49) and Ondine keeps reminding that she â€Å"would have stood on her feet all day all night to put Jadine through that school† (193). Ondine sees Jadine as her â€Å"crown† (282), and she and Sydney are continually â€Å"boasting† (49) about Jadine’s success to the point that Margaret calls Ondine â€Å"Mother Superior† (84). In return, they seem to want Jadine to offer them safety for the rest of their lives as Ondine claims that â€Å"Nothing can happen to us as long as she’s here† (102). They are not comfortable with the idea of Jadine marrying Ryk, who is â€Å"white but European which was not as bad as white and American† (48), but they are terrified of her running off with a â€Å"no-count Negro† (193) like Son. Although their views on racial hierarchies seem to alter from time to time, on the outside they seem to want what is best for Jadine. Jadine refute Ondine’s views of black womanhood when she tells her some of the things that are expected of her from society Jadine tells Ondine that: â€Å"I don’t want to learn how to be the kind of woman you’re talking about because I don’t want to be that kind of woman† (282). This, according to Rayson (1998), might be interpreted as Jadine’s â€Å"rejecting the roles of mother, daughter, and woman to stay the tar baby† (Rayson, 95), however it marks her becoming aware of what kind of woman she is by the end of the novel. Jadine‘s inclination toward upward social mobility leads to her separation from the Afro-American roots and the tar quality that Morrison advocates. This kind of flaw in Jadine effectively disqualifies her as a black woman capable of nurturing a family and by large the community. Jadine‘s perception of an ancestral relationship from which she is estranged occurs when she sees an African woman in a Parisian bakery. When she is celebrating her success as model evidenced in her appearance on the cover of Elle, Jadine becomes nervous or perhaps uncomfortable by the African woman in yellow attire. She triggers an identity crisis in Jadine at the moment when she should have felt more secure with her professional achievement assured by beauty and education. In his African woman, Jadine catches a glimpse of beauty, a womanliness, an innate elegance, a nurturer, an authenticity that she had never known before: ? That woman‘s woman – that mother/sister/she/; that unphotographable beauty? (p. 43). By calling the African woman ? that mother/sister/she,? J. Deswal (online source â€Å"Tar Baby- Shodhganga) claims that â€Å"Morrison presents a threefold definition of womanhood which can thrive within the confines of family and community only. The three eggs she balances effortlessly in her ? tar-black fingers? (p. 44) appear to Jadine as if the woman were boasting of her own easy acceptance of womanhood†. Wendy Harding and Jacky Martin in A World of Difference: An Inter-cultural Study of Toni Morrison explain the importance of the African woman‘s presence as such: â€Å"Whereas Jadine has just been rewarded for her conformity to Western ideals of feminity, the African woman suggests a more powerful version of black womanhood. Like some fertility goddess, she holds in her hand the secret of life. She is the mother of the world in whose black hands whiteness appears as something as easily crushed as cared for (71). When Jadine measures herself by the idea of black womanhood that she sees in the African woman the insecurities of her rootless condition surface in her mind. The women in yellow makes Jadine confront her female role and her sexuality†. Jadine sees ? something in her eyes so powerful? (p. 42) that she follows the woman out of the store. The writers also claim that â€Å"As a symbol of repudiation of Jadine‘s westernized lifestyle, the African woman ? looks right at Jadine? (p. 43) and spits on the pavement†. Jadine hates the woman for her spitting, but what she cannot do is escape feeling ? lonely in a way; lonely and inauthentic? as she tells the readers on page 45. When the sense of self is based on the denial of one‘s ethnic roots, one is certain to experience mental chaos and alienation. So, the woman‘s insult to Jadine had the powerful effect of challenging Jadine‘s choices: her white boyfriend, her girlfriends in New York, her parties, her picture on the cover of Elle and the way she lived her life. One can say that it is as a result of the African woman that Jadine desided to visit her aunt and uncle on the island. Jadine is confused and even questions her plans to marry Ryk, her white boyfriend: I wonder if the person he wants to marry is me or a black girl? And if it isn‘t me he wants, but any black girl who looks like me, talks and acts like me, what will happen when he finds out that I hate ear hoops, that I don‘t have to straighten my hair, that Mingus puts me to sleep, that sometimes I want to get out of my skin and be only the person inside – not American – not black – just me? (p. 45) It is through Son, however, that Morrison offers Jadine the ultimate opportunity to ‘redeem’ herself to her heritage, adapt it and revive her womanhood. Son picks up from where the African woman left off in a sense by making Jadine confront her inauthenticity. Jadine and Son enjoys their stay in New York because it is the place where Jadine feels at ease. She feels loved and safe: ? He ‘unorphaned’ her completely and gave her a brand-new childhood? (p. 231). In turn, Son is encouraged by her need and by his apparent ability to redefine Jadine culturally and emotionally. Son insists that he and Jadine goes to Eloe his hometown where Jadine will see how Son is rooted in family and cultural heritage. He attempts to rescue Jadine from her ignorance and disdain for her cultural heritage, trying in a sense to mould Jadine into the image of his black female ancestors. Son assumes that a relationship with Jadine will mean that they will have children together. He presses claims for family and community: ? He smiled at the vigour of his own heartbeat at the thought of her having his baby? (p. 220). Thus, he wants Jadine to love the nurturing aspects of home and fraternity. He is fed on dreams of his community women. The dreams of ? yellow houses with white doors? and ? fat black ladies in white dresses minding the pie table? (p. 119) are nourishment to Son. Sandra Pouchet Paquet (The ancestors as foundation in their eyes were watching god and tar baby) observes: ? In Son‘s dreams of Eloe, the African-American male ego is restored in a community of black man at the center of a black community. But however appreciative Son is of the beauty, the strength, and the toughness of black women; his vision is of male dominance; of the black women as handmaiden? (511). The image feminity that Son cherishes – of the black woman taking passive role as a nurturer of the hearth – is flagrantly opposite to Jadine‘s perception of the modern black woman. This terrifies Jadine and narrows the possibility of their forming a family. The modern, educated black woman seems to snivel at the aspects of traditional female- specific role as the nurturer of hearth and home. Decadent white values and life style thwart the black woman’s vital roles of building families and raising children. The modern black woman cannot be a complete human being, for she allows her education to keep her career separate from her nurturing role. The black woman is increasingly becoming able to define her own status and to be economically independent. She tries to seek equality in her relationship with men. Robert Staples gives an insight into the faltering dynamics of modern couples: ? What was once a viable institution because women were a subservient group has lost its value for some people in these days of women‘s liberation. The stability of marriage was contingent on the woman accepting her place in the home and not creating dissension by challenging the male‘s prerogatives? (125). The black woman‘s intrinsic quality of ? accepting her place in the home? is Morrison‘s tar quality. However, in advocating the tar quality Morrison does not admonish the educational and professional accomplishments of the black woman. In fact, the black woman is expected to achieve a balance between her roles in the domestic and professional fields. â€Å"It is the historical ability of black women to keep their families and careers together. In an era where both the black male and female seek to fulfill individual desires, relationships falter and, consequently, the prospects of the propagation of a family are not too bright. Jadine‘s tar quality is submerged by the white-like urge for freedom and self-actualization. As a result, she finds the conventions of black womanhood antithetical to her own value system†. At Eloe, Jadine is determined to resist rigid male-female role categorization. Jadine cannot ? understand (or accept) her being shunted off with Ellen and the children while the men grouped on the porch and after a greeting, ignored her? (p. 248). While at Eloe, Jadine is provided with yet another chance to attain certain qualities that is for black women. She is accustomed to living an upper-class white lifestyle so she finds the people of Eloe limited and backward. Their stifling little shacks are more foreign to her than the hotel-like splendor of Valerian‘s mansion. She stays in Aunt Rosa‘s house where she feels claustrophobically enclosed in a dark, windowless room. She feels ? she might as well have been in a cave, a grave, the dark womb of the earth, suffocating with the sound of plant life moving, but deprived of its sight? (p. 254). It is in this very room where Jadine and Son were having sex that she had a second awakening vision, which is more frightening than the one she had in Paris about the African Woman. Here, Older, black, fruitful and nurturing women – her own dead mother, her Aunt Ondine, Son‘s dead wife, the African woman in yellow and other black women of her past – become a threatening part of Jadine‘s dreams: I have breasts too,‘ she said or thought or willed, I have breasts too. ‘ But they didn‘t believe her. They just held their own higher and pushed their own farther out and looked at her,? (p. 261) and ? the night women were not merely against her not merely looking superior over their sagging breasts and folded stomachs, they seemed somehow in agreement with each other about her, and were all determined to punish her for having neglected her cultural heritage. They wanted to bind the person she had become and choke it with their breasts. The night women? accuse Jadine for trading the ? ancient properties? (p. 308) of being a daughter, mother, and a woman for her upward mobility and self-enhancement. All these women are punishing Jadine for her refusal to define herself in relation to family, historical tradition and culture. As they ‘brandish’ their breasts before her eyes, they mock and insult her with their feminity. Jadine finds these women backward and sees no self-fulfilling value in the roles that they serve. However, she is constantly haunted by dreams of the black female image that she seems to have lost throughout life. Ondine express shame and disappointment over her lack of concern for her family, the African woman, at the Parisian bakery, spits at her in disgust and the night women, in the vision at Eloe taunt her with their nurturing breasts. Having refuted her own black culture and heritage, Jadine face the consequence of a divided consciousness and a mental death. Her decision to end the love affair with Son— ? I can‘t let you hurt me again? (p. 274) is an evidence of her shunning womanhood and losing her Afro- American roots as she chooses Ryk her white boyfriend over Son who refused to become the person or image that Jadine wants him to be . Jadine is compelled to make her choice and she decides that it is in Paris, away from Son, where there are prospects of financial success and personal independence. She doesn‘t want what Son and Eloe have to offer: To settle for wifely competence when she could be a beauty queen or to settle for fertility rather than originality and nurturing instead of building? (p. 271). Jadine makes it clear to the reader that she is self-sufficient and independent of men, family and community.

Following Martin Luther King, Jr :: essays research papers fc

Following Martin Luther King, Jr "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." (King, Jr.) Following Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speech in the United States capital, many laws, including the Civil Rights Act and the Affirmative Action Act, were amended into the constitution. Despite these laws enforcing the equality of race, the US still faces the same dilemma of 1963: racism. Racism, or the discrimination of a distinguished group of people, remains a problem in businesses, government, universities, in relationships, and in many other situations. Although current laws prohibit the people of the United States to discriminate and harass people of other races, racial incidents continue to remain across the country, and even, around the world. For many years, humanitarians have been trying desperately to eliminate racism. The problem is the attempt to correct the effects of racism, without eliminating the cause of racism itself. In order to eliminate racism and achieve the ultimate dream of justice and equality of all people, Americans must start with teaching children the fallacies of racism and value of diversity. A new curriculum especially for race equality, should be introduced to young students all over the United States, providing all the facts and false stereotypical assumptions about races and racism surrounding them. Racism can be eliminated by creating a curriculum for understanding races. Providing a required racial understanding program for young students, will help them to understand different backgrounds and identities that surround them. Understanding the many identities that distinguish each and every person, will break down stereotypes that identify groups. Understanding creates knowledge and empathy towards people of different backgrounds. Racism can be eliminated by understanding the history of racism. By understanding the history of racism, students can learn how racism started, where it started, how racism is adopted, why it was adopted into our concept, and how its made its way to America, etc. If everybody understands that racism is, and always was, irrelevant to a person’s character, then racism will be eliminated. Racism can be eliminated by confronting the issue. Confronting the issues and being aware of racism’s destruction to society, will allow students, starting at a younger age, to be conscious of racism and its negative effects on life. Being conscious of racism will

Comparison Between Ipad and Galaxy Tab

Maria Andrea Trujillo Villatoro A01321564 Homework COMPARISON BETWEEN IPAD 3 AND GALAXY TAB 2 Tablets are portable, slim, internet-connected computers. They are bigger than smart phones but operate in a similar way with touch screens and downloadable apps. They generally differ from laptops and net-books by having no built-in keyboard, and being thinner and lighter. Tablets are primarily designed for interactive entertainment, whether that’s listening to music, watching movies, reading e-books, playing games or surfing the web.If we compare the iPad 3 and the Galaxy Tab 2, we can notice that the iPad 3 has a 4:3 aspect ratio Retina display while the Galaxy Tab has a widescreen display. The iPad 3 still retains the 9. 7-inch screen, but the pixels are the double now, reaching 1536 x 2048 pixels. The high amount of pixels gives a better visual experience, including sharper images and text. In addition, the 4:3 aspect ratio display works well in browsing the webpages compared to a widescreen display. You are able to view more content on the screen without scrolling the page down.Additionally, the iPad 3 has a better rated camera compared to the Galaxy, because the Ipad has 5 megapixels while the Galaxy has 3. 15-megapixels. Plus, it is equipped with a 2. 4 aperture lens that allows more light to hit the image sensor, resulting in clearer and sharper images. The camera is also capable of recording a 1080p full HD video which its competitor could not. The iPad 3 also offers LTE support in addition to the usual 3G and WiFi connectivity. Despite having a bigger battery capacity, Ipad is 11560 and Galaxy is 7000 mAh.The Ipad is still thinner than the Galaxy Tab 2 (10. 1). On the other hand, the Galaxy Tab 2 is great for watching movies with its widescreen display. Unlike the iPad 3, it has a microSD card slot that accepts cards up to 32GB. Each tablet is running on their respective operating system. The iPad 3 runs on iOS 5. 1 and the Galaxy Tab 2 runs on Androi d 4. 0. Both are equally powerful platforms, and it is subject to the individual’s preference to pick either one. Pricing-wise, expect the iPad 3 have a steeper price than the Galaxy Tab 2.The Galaxy Tab 2 (10. 1) is definitely a decent tablet for the price-conscious, but those who expect more from a tablet should go for the iPad 3. In conclusion I think that like all electronics, any tablet has pros and cons. Among the pros we can found that they are very portable, easy to handle, quickly to switch on, lots of apps to choose and more and the cons can be that they are quite expensive, some don’t have 3G connectivity and typing is not as easy as on a laptop, but now this devices have become very common among people.

Externality Case Study Essay

What is the equilibrium wage? _$60,000_________________________ Now, consider this scenario: Due to an increase in the internet security threats, the government wants to apply a price control in this market to encourage more people to become internet security professionals. Assume that a wage control is set at $75,000. Will this increase the number of people entering this labor market? Why or why not? Will this increase the number of people hired? Why or why not? It will increase the number of people entering this labor market because of the increase of pay from the equilibrium will be enticing, but this will cause a shortage in the labor market. Because the number of people entering this labor market has increased, there will not be enough positions for them. Due to this, the number of people hired will decrease. Also, another factor to take into account is the budget for the companies for these positions. If the equilibrium is set at $60,000 the company might not be in a position to increase the pay rate to accommodate the price control, thus causing them not to be able to fill those positions. 2. Assume you are a policymaker in Washington DC. Lobbyists for the preschoolers of America have put pressure on their representatives to cap prices on graham crackers. You have been assigned a position on a new committee to study the impact of a price ceiling on graham crackers. Your job is to: a.) Illustrate using a fully labeled supply and demand graph (label all the axes and any lines you put in your graph) what such an artificial price looks like. b.) Explain what the results of such a move are for the graham cracker market. In other words, will there be a SHORTAGE, a SURPLUS, or neither created? Why? b.) There will be a shortage created. Initially the public might be happy about the price ceiling, but soon after the sellers will begin to ration the graham crackers based on other factors since the one most willing to pay will no longer be a factor. Also, this might cause consumers to stand in long lines in order to be able to purchase the graham crackers, but since there are not enough graham crackers supplied, not everyone will be able to purchase the graham crackers. In the end, producers will move on to produce other products that are more profitable than graham crackers, worsening the shortage. 3. Pollution is considered by most a negative externality. Some economists  would like to see the costs of these burdens incorporated into the price of goods that we buy. For instance, since coal fire power plants increase emissions that could potentially lead to climate change, these economists believe that the price we pay for electricity is not adequately high enough. Draw a completely labeled graph and illustrate on the graph how much higher electricity prices would be if the full costs of electricity production were taken into account. You do not need to provide actual numbers; rather, show on the price axis where the price would be before the externality is considered and the price after the externality is included. What problems might exist in determining this new, externality based, price? People might not be able to afford the new prices if the external costs are included which may lead to the consumers to look for alternatives in power source. Some of these alternatives may include using more archaic versions such as firewood or coal, which may increase pollution. Or they might be lead to steal electricity or use the black market for alternative power source. 4. In the old days lighthouses were built along the coast to prevent ships from running aground on rocks in unfamiliar ports. By shining a beam of light over a port and guiding ships away from rocks, these vital buildings reduced the risk for ship captains and were generally considered to be extremely valuable resources. Curiously, lighthouses were almost always run and maintained by local governments. Explain in economic terms why private firms would not run a lighthouse. A private firm would not run a lighthouse because it is considered a public good. The lighthouse is non-excludable since the private company cannot exclude anyone from using the lighthouse. It is also non-rivalrous since the quality does not go down if other ships or companies use the lighthouse. If a private firm built a lighthouse, eventually other businesses will use the lighthouse to travel to the port causing the private firm to be upset about the other firms taking advantage of its use. Since the private firm would not be interested in building lighthouses because it is non-excludable and non-rivalrous, it would be in the governments best interest to use its resources (taxes and such) to build the lighthouse. This in turn will help improve the economy since the  companies can now bring their supplies without fear of losing their ships in the night.

Does The British School System Prepare Students For Life †Education Essay

Does The British School System Prepare Students For Life – Education Essay Free Online Research Papers Does The British School System Prepare Students For Life Education Essay In the United Kingdom of Great Britain, being a student can be very pleasant, studying in Britain is just somewhat like playing games because of its unique culture which is born of its long history. The British educational pattern advocates physical quality as well as mental quality. Schools and universities have been taking trouble over enhancing students’ operation ability, expression ability and creativity so as to adapt the students themselves to their work and life in society. In terms of preparing students for the world of work and life in society, in my opinion, British schools and universities do have done a good job. On weekends, there are always crowds of students led by their teacher doing various kinds of outdoor activities all around the country. Some of them go to zoos while some go to visit the museums. Even some just play games and do sports on grassplot with mud on clothes and joyance on their face running, jumping and chasing around. Even if they are having class, they have fun during class without thinking too much. British students don’t have many classes every day, usually 4 classes for middle school students and less for primary students. Schools and universities give the explanation that students should not be encouraged to be bookworm because you can not learn everything especially knowledge related to practical affairs simply by reading books for several hours. British students are prompted to take part in social activities like sports, traveling, volunteer movement and other social activities held by organizations like the Students’ Club which usually links one school with others. Therefore, students are able to make friends with those from other schools, to enlarge their knowledge and to develop their social communicative ability which plays an very important role in students’ future work and life. Here are more examples. Every now and then, school and universities organizes visits to some certain places for their students to learn in real life. For instance, in Edinburgh there is a belowground museum which is actually a students’ diathesis training center and scientific education center. There, students have the chance to take a â€Å"time elevator† to see what the world is like during its different developing periods. Besides, students can get to learn how Great Britain was formed, what kinds of animals and insects live in remote antiquity on a big vaulted screen with vivid audio effects. As a result, students learn geography, biology and history in a more dramatic and intuitionistic way which compared with learning in class enables the student to obtain knowledge much better. As regards assignments, the British education system pays much attention to the students operation ability rather than just matching all the keys. There are not many examinations, but students are required to do a lot of course works and presentations which awfully forge the students operation ability, expression ability and creativity. The assignments are mainly about pragmatic affairs which call for personally operation and teamwork and imagination. As there are no standard answers for these kinds of assignments, the students creativity is greatly blazed. Often teachers encourage students to develop their own thoughts and inspire the students to discover new methods to solve problems. Compared to the students who simply copy from books which normally provide correct but uniform answers, some students can get higher marks from teachers as long as they expatiate on certain topics appropriately and reasonably, especially in their own way. That is the reason why students are able to ad apt themselves to the job right after graduation. Furthermore, the profundity of the course is wide and the scope is low. British keep the point of view that the competition of the society is so fierce that one is not able to get a fine job unless one is accomplished in a specific field .Most of the English students choose major according to their own interest and make it a lifetime career, only those who concentrate on a specific major will be able to base one self upon the society. As a result, there are various items of majors with a minute classification in Britain. For instance, the MBA major in some colleges will be classified into finance MBA, marketing MBA, international MBA, transportation MBA, raiment MBA and even sports MBA. As we all know, professionals are people who know everything about something. Compared to those who know something about everything, companies will of course take the former considering the contribution they can make for the company. In addition, schools and universities provide omnifarious things for students to learn. Literally speaking, students have to go through everything that is considered â€Å"big event† in one’s life. For example, British government officially adds a course of being a father which includes how to deal with marriage contradiction and children punishment to required courses. Obviously, the aim is to get students ready for their marriage. During the class, students are asked to act a mother or father whose job is to take care of their children concerning all kinds of problems in real life like finance, housework, communication with children, income so on and so forth. According to a report from the British government, teachers are required to teach the students with their own experience for example. Besides, psychological guidance is also provided for the students before they graduate. There is a course which trains the students’ how to face death of oneself or of oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s kins and friends, parents’ separation and divorce. Even sometimes, stuff from funeral house or nurses are invited to give a speech on one’s death. The British Ministry of Education says, â€Å" We by no means to frighten the students, instead, we intend to help the students experience the loss and tragic changes they might encounter in the future in order to develop ability to control emotion and tough endurance towards different situations. What about the situation in China? If the British education is called â€Å"practical orientation†, then we should call the Chinese education â€Å"theoretical orientation†. In China, from the very beginning, students are strictly required to follow every regulation in school or in universities. You will easily find a very typical routine for a Chinese student: he wakes up early in the morning and hastily swallows his breakfast; then begins the four morning classes before a 2-hour period for noon rest; he has to have another 4 classes (afternoon classes); after the day-classes, he with great exhaustibility has his supper and slightly enjoys himself in a very limited time. Following comes the night independent study which lasts from 7 in the evening to 9:30. Finally, he drags himself home, takes a bath which gets rid of all the weariness. However, he has to finish the rest of piles of homework before he can go to bed. How terrible! What’s more, usually Chinese students keep deathly silent in class to show their concentration and respect to teachers. Meanwhile, students are mainly acquiring knowledge by listening to teachers’ lecture as well as reading textbooks and doing a large amount of homework which is the most unique characteristic of Chinese education. And there are many examinations which classifies students by marks.(usually full marks is 100). Moreover, no matter what subject a Chinese student is interested in, he has to cover all the subjects required including Chinese, mathematics, English, politics, physics, chemistry, geography, biology and P.E. lesson. Because of the fierce competition of entering a good university, Chinese students have to put every effort to get as high marks as they can to gain a favorable ranking in the university entrance examination. In China, we have a idiom goes like â€Å"marks decide everything†. Unlike the British education, Chinese ed ucation attaches more importance to students’ theoretical ability than practical ability although Chinese students are provided with experimental classes and other supplementary teaching method. Nevertheless, the number of social and operational activities are far from that of Britain’s. In conclusion, we can see the gap between China and Britain on education. Concerning the current situation and development of the world, we Chinese should learn from Britain whose education contributes a lot to its jot market. Nowadays, the competition is growing more and more fierce with the globalization and incorporation deepening, skilled people are in great need. In fact, people with a range of knowledge as well as an outstanding operational ability are more competitive and likely to make great contribution to the country. Therefore, if China wants to stand upright in the world, the all-important mission is to reform its education and try its best to supply skilled people to its economic development and social progress. I believe in the near future, China will become more and more powerful. Research Papers on Does The British School System Prepare Students For Life - Education EssayStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships

Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships Commensalism is a type of relationship between two living organisms in which one organism benefits from the other without harming it. A commensal species benefits from another species by obtaining locomotion, shelter, food, or support from the host species, which (for the most part) neither benefits nor is harmed. Commensalism ranges from brief interactions between species to life-long symbiosis. Commensalism Definition The term was coined in 1876 by Belgian paleontologist and zoologist Pierre-Joseph van Beneden, along with the term mutualism. Beneden initially applied the word to describe the activity of carcass-eating animals that followed predators to eat their waste food. The word commensalism comes from the Latin word commensalis, which means sharing a table. Commensalism is most often discussed in the fields of ecology and biology, although the term extends to other sciences. Terms Related to Commensalism Commensalism is often confused with related words: Mutualism - Mutualism is a  relationship in which two organisms benefit from each other. Amensalism - A relationship in which one organism is harmed while the other is not affected. Parasitism - A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Theres often debate about whether a particular relationship is an example of commensalism or another type of interaction. For example, some scientists consider the relationship between people and gut bacteria to be an example of commensalism, while others believe it is mutualistic because humans may gain a benefit from the relationship. Examples of Commensalism Remora fish have a disk on their heads that makes them able to attach to larger animals, such as sharks, mantas, and whales. When the larger animal feeds, the remora detaches itself to eat the extra food.Nurse plants are larger plants that offer protection to seedlings from the weather and herbivores, giving them an opportunity to grow.Tree frogs use plants as protection.Golden jackals, once they have been expelled from a pack, will trail a tiger to feed on the remains of its kills.Goby fish live on other sea animals, changing color to blend in with the host, thus gaining protection from predators.Cattle egrets eat the insects stirred up by cattle when they are grazing. The cattle are unaffected, while the birds gain food.The burdock plant produces spiny seeds that cling to the fur of animals or clothing of humans. The plants rely on this method of seed dispersal for reproduction, while the animals are unaffected. Types of Commensalism (With Examples) Inquilinism - In inquilinism, one organism uses another for permanent housing. An example is a bird that lives in a tree hole. Sometimes epiphytic plants growing on trees are considered iniquilism, while others might consider this to be a parasitic relationship because the epiphyte might weaken the tree or take nutrients that would otherwise go to the host. Metabiosis - Metabiosis is a commensalistic relationship in which one organism forms a habitat for another. An example is a hermit crab, which uses a shell from a dead gastropod for protection. Another example would be maggots living on a dead organism. Phoresy - In phoresy, one animal attaches to another for transport. This type of commensalism is most often seen in arthropods, such as mites living on insects. Other examples include anemone attachment to hermit crab shells, pseudoscorpions living on mammals, and millipedes traveling on birds. Phoresy may be either obligate or facultative. Microbiota - Microbiota are commensal organisms that form communities within a host organism. An example is the bacterial flora found on human skin. Scientists disagree on whether microbiota is truly a type of commensalism. In the case of skin flora, for example, there is evidence the bacteria confer some protection on the host (which would be mutualism). Domesticated Animals and Commensalism Domestic dogs, cats, and other animals appear to have started out with commensal relationships with humans. In the case of the dog, DNA evidence indicates dogs associated themselves with people before humans switched from hunting-gathering to agriculture. Its believed the ancestors of dogs followed hunters to eat remains of carcasses. Over time, the relationship became mutualistic, where humans also benefited from the relationship, gaining defense from other predators and assistance tracking and killing prey. As the relationship changed, so did the characteristics of dogs. Reference:  Larson G (2012). Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109: 8878–83.

The ten faces of innovation IDEO's Strategies for defeating the Essay

The ten faces of innovation IDEO's Strategies for defeating the Devil's Advocate and Driving Creativity Throughout Your Organization Thomas Kelley, Jonathan - Essay Example Kelley does so by describing the way in which an innovation team can be built and function, providing numerous examples of application of these concepts. The introduction sets the scene by singling out the "devil's advocate approach" as the worst enemy of innovation, before defining three groups of roles, or "personas" which typically constitute a successful innovation-oriented activity. In a manner reminiscent of other team role models defined in organizational behavior, Kelley names the groups "learning", "organizing" and "building" personas. It is the learning group, which is the focus of the first three chapters. First the Anthropologist's role is discussed, where the key to beginning successful innovation is un-blinkered perception of how people behave. The theme continues with the Experimenter, whose accelerated failure allows for faster progress towards the goal, before closing with the Cross-Pollinator, adept at applying concepts from one area to a completely different one. Following this is the organizing group, again with one role per chapter. The Hurdler is the problem-solver, the Collaborator brings people together for a result and the Director sets the pace, the direction and the goals. The chapter on the last group, "building", open wi... The Caregiver is tasked with making it easier for the customer to transition to a new innovative context and the Storyteller, the final persona, enhances the motivation and the bonding of the team to produce real and useful innovation. The book closes with a final chapter with some general pointers on succeeding in innovation. The strength of the book lies in the very attainable possibility of replicating the innovation system that it describes. Kelley expresses the concepts and methods in terms that are related to everyday business life and does not make any excessive demand on the reader's intellect. The "cookbook" approach also allows readers to review their own organizations and to pinpoint any particular areas of weakness or malfunction. In a sense, the strength of the book is also its weakness: managing 10 different role models in a fast-moving business environment is a complex task and requires considerable energy. A section on a minimalist approach with ease of application would have been welcome, all the more so in that chapters on some roles (Director for example) appear to have been "padded" with more generic material. In addition, the transversal or underlying nature of certain personas notably in the organizing group could be further developed to enhance practical application. However Kelley makes a valid contribution to business in general with a workable innovation system underpinned by his own real experience. In the field of organizational behavior in particular, Kelley contributes at a micro-organizational level, mostly by charting the development of individual contributor roles, but also to some extent

Communication and patient safety( Literature Review) Research Paper

Communication and patient safety( Literature Review) - Research Paper Example It has also been found that there is a decrease in the number of medical errors made concerning patients. Furthermore, adequate communication also has an impact on nurses because they become more motivated in their work, which increases their efficiency. This efficiency helps the patient as it improves the care that they are given, and this leads to the patient’s swift recovery. In addition, various factors influence communication between nurses and patients, one of the factors is the complexity of the hospital and nursing systems; thus, the larger and more complex they are, the higher the risk that the potential for patient errors will be increased. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that adequate communication between the various hospital systems is instituted so that the number of such errors can be reduced or done away with. Moreover, the value of care depends completely on the accuracy and completeness of information being available to the nurses who care for the patien ts. While this is important, it should be noted that the accuracy of the information becomes outdated over time and this is the reason why more, up to date information has to be collected to ensure that the caregivers provide the best service possible to the patient (Manojlovich, Antonakos and Ronis, 2009). On the other hand, Turkoski (2009) states that errors tend to occur when during the communication of a patient’s medication. This usually happens when there is a misinterpretation of the various abbreviations or acronyms to the drugs, which have been prescribed to the patient. This creates a situation where there is the potential of a patient taking the wrong drugs, taking the drugs at the wrong time of the day, or even worse, taking an overdose of the prescribed drugs. It is therefore necessary to ensure that errors in the writing down of instructions for the patient or caregiver are avoided and that the person writing the said instructions is alert at all times to the po tential of making mistakes. Among the recommendations made in Turkoski’s article is that there must be a standardization of all the abbreviations and acronyms for the drugs used in the medical field so that there can be no confusion over the type of drugs that have been prescribed. It has been found that many drugs have similar names that may lead to the nurse giving the patient the wrong medicine. To prevent such incidences, it has been recommended that capital and small letters be used to differentiate the drugs with similar names to avoid confusion. This will work to ensure that there is uniformity in the communication of medication and this will ultimately promote the safety of the patients to whom the medication is prescribed. With uniformity in communication, the work of the nurses will become less cumbersome because they will be able to be accurate in their administration of medication. Frankel (2008) states that in many hospital systems, there is always a breakdown in communication, this isbecause the nursing staff is usually afraid to report errors because of the potential of being punished. This fear has made it difficult for errors to be corrected and has ensured that the outcome for patients is greatly diminished. The lack of adequate communication has created a scenario where nurses are not able to conduct their activities efficiently and this has come to have a devastating impact on the safety of the

Laboratory Testing and Evaluation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Laboratory Testing and Evaluation Report - Essay Example A theoretical study on their mechanical properties is also made. Samples of both finished materials having 1.2 mm thickness are tested against their mechanical properties which include universal testing and hardness testing. Another study of same grade of material which is kept under different process conditions is also made. Samples of 1.2 mm finished skin rolled SPCC steel versus 1.2 mm annealed SPCC steel were also studied in the same manner. As per discussing the chemical composition of the two materials, JISF (2011) had shown the allowable alloying percentage as given in Table 1. Table 1 Symbol of Grade C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) SPCC steel 0.15 max 0.60 max 0.10 max 0.050 max SPCG steel 0.02 max 0.25 max 0.020 max 0.020 max However, the mill test certificates of the samples reveal following composition as given in Table 2 of the two materials: Table 2 Symbol of Grade C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) SPCC steel 0.10 0.23 0.02 0.009 SPCG steel 0.002 0.17 0.019 0.007 As evident from the ste el grades, commercial SPCC steel is applied in forming applications, and extra deep drawing SPCG steels are meant to be deep drawn. These steels are widely used in various applications. SPCC steel is being used in the making of door hinges, pans, casings, galvanised steels, and profile sheets. Whereas SPCG steel is utilised in deep drawing applications such as motor cycle fuel tank, chain cover, etc. Chemical composition of the alloy steel is incredibly important because each element has its own role in varying the material properties. For instance, rust is a vulnerable defect of steels, and rust is basically the result of iron oxide formation (Blair and Stevens, 1995). Absolute iron is absolutely susceptible to rust. With the introduction of other elements, rust exposure is decreased. Higher percentage of alloying material decreases rust possibility and lowers percentage of alloying material; alloying material increases the risk of rust formation. Therefore, SPCG steel is more susc eptible to rust as compare to SPCC steel. Similarly, elements present in alloying composition also affect mechanical properties of the steel. Mechanical properties are to be assessed in this laboratory testing and material evaluation case study. 1. Structure of Materials Figure 1 (Blair and Stevens, 1995) is the iron-carbon phase diagram. It shows the percentage of Carbon influencing the microstructure of the steel. It is a low-carbon steel which contains carbon between 0 02 % and 0.15 %. Both material grades are the dead mild steel comprises mainly alpha ferrite and the traces of pearlite in its microstructure. These are extremely ductile and are therefore usually utilised as sheets for forming and drawing operations. Its microstructure seems white as of very less insignificant pearlite content steel. Both SPCC and SPCG sample materials lies in pearlite + ferrite region. Figure 1 2. Expected Theoretical Results The chemical composition of these steel is vitally important for assess ing mechanical properties. It is because lower carbon percentage in steel will affect the making of material, lowering its hardness, and a higher percentage of carbon will yield a harder material. Therefore, according to theoretical analysis, SPCC steel should be harder than SPCG steel due to a higher percentage of carbon. JISF (2011) specifies the range for the two material grades, as mentioned in Table 3, of different mechanical prope

Calculating National Income and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Calculating National Income and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 1.0 Introduction of Task 1 In task 1, this task are about the economy of Europe and Japan grow rapidly, this will increase growth of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States. The three country have their own market. Japan is free market and the economy of the United States is the worlds biggest single national economy. 1.1 Economy of Japan Japans industrialized and free-market economy. Japan is the third-largest country in the world. Japan economy is the highly efficient and competitive in areas linked to international trade, but productivity is lower and far in protected areas such as distribution,agriculture and services. Japan have some natural resources, and trade helps Japan to earn the foreign exchange needed to purchase the raw materials for its economy. As the worldwide demand for its goods tumbled, the Bank of Japan reported the real GDP growth of -5.5% in the final year of 2009. Japan recovered the slightly in year 2010 and reported the real GDP growth of 4.4 percent. 1.2 Economy of Japan United States (US) of GDP When the US economy slowdown or rebound, the comparisons to Japan seem to follow. Though the comparisons are debated, there has one idea which isn’t is the idea that Japan has had a â€Å"lost decade†. The main data for supporting this is the Nikkei, which still hasn’t returned to its 1990 peaks and Japanese GDP which has grown at a down pace for decades. It’s debatable whether an equity of average moving from extreme overestimate the territory to more reasonable valuations is a reflection of a stagnant economy. What’s not quite as debatable though is that growth of GDP has lagged the US. To refer appendix 1 . 1.3 Economy of Europe The European Economy since 1945 is a convenience, broad and frank account of the extraordinary development of Europes economy since the end of World War II. Barry Eichengreen is an American economist. He argues that the continents of history has been critical to its economic performance, and that it will be continue to so going forward. Economic growth was the facilitated by unite-centered trade unions, cohesiveness of employers associations, and growth minded of governments for all legacies of Europes earlier history. For example, these institutions worked together to mobilize savings, finance investment, and stabilize wages. 1.4 Economy of Europe United States (US) of GDP According to earlywarn (Stuart Staniford, 2012) showed that the graph about US and Europe real GDP of year 2007. Eurostat came out with the 4 number for GDP and, expected given the data stream of contractionary looking data out of the Europe lately. It showed a moderate of (0.3%) drop over the prior quarter. It was the contrast for both and it to the rather stronger for US data. The level of real GDP for both economies with both normalized to set Q4 of year 2007 to 100. The data are from Eurostat and the BEA. To refer appendix 2. 1.5 GDP of United States (US) The economy of the United States is the worlds biggest single national economy. The United States is a mixed economy and has maintained a stable overall of GDP growth rate,a moderate unemployment rate, and the high levels of research and capital investment. Its have five largest trading partners are Canada, China, Japan, Mexico and Germany. According to UsaToday (Pual Davidson, 2014) showed that he nations gross domestic product in the last three months of year 2013 increased at a 2.6% annual rate, up from the previous estimate of 2.4percent. Thats the governments third and final estimate of fourth-quarter of growth.The economy of US grew more briskly than the government previously estimated in the fourth quarter on stronger consumer of spending, among other factors. To refer appendix 3. 1.6 Conclusion of Task 1 In the conclusion of task 1, Europe and Japan both also will affect the US GDP. When the US economy slowdown or rebound, comparisons to Japan seem to follow. Europe and US GDP both are contrast for both and it to the rather stronger US data.The level of real GDP for both economies with both normalized. 2.0 Introduction of Task 2 In task 2 have A and B question. Question A are about the problem encounterd in calculating the national income. Question B are about the table of Country Xanadu for year 2012. 2.1 Task 2 (A): The Problems of Calculating the National Income. Accordig to Fahim Patel, the Content Manager of guesspapers.net showed that the problems will faced while calculating the national income.There have some of the problems and the difficulties that are usually faced while calculating the national income are as follows. When calculating the national income, there is that what should be included and what excluded with the respect to the services and product produced. This is one of the greatest difficulties of calculating the national income. Next problem is the calculation of the depreciation. The main cause of behind it is that because of both the amount and the composition of jour capital will change from time to time. There are no standard and concept rules of depreciation that can be applied. When depreciation is an estimate of correct deduction can be made until or unless these accurate depreciation estimates are not deducted from the estimate of net national product the net national income is bound to false. In addition to, the treatment of the government also is the problem while calculating the national income. Government will have some expenditures such as the defiance and administration expenditure, social welfare expenditure, payment of interest on national debts and the miscellaneous development expenditure. The reality problem that is faced relates to which of the above should be included in the national income. Another problem is the income from foreign firms. This is the major problem of relates to the fact that are weather the income arising from the activities of the foreign firms operating in a country should be included in the countries national income or not. Besides, double counting also is the problem. The proper of care is required for calculating national income so that double counting may not take place. This problem usually will occur in those countries where proper the documentation or statistics are unavailable. Lastly is the value of inventories. It is not easy to calculate the value of raw materials, semi finished the product and finished the goods in the custody of producers there fore it creates some problems. 2.2 Task 2 (B) : The Table of Calculate from Country Xanadu 2012 Formula Answer (RM) Gross Domestic Product at Market Price Private consumption expenditures + Gross investment +Government consumption expenditure + (Exports – Imports) 900 + 1000 + 800 + (2000 1000) =3700 Gross Market Price at Market Price Gross Domestic Price at Factor Cost Gross Domestic at Market Price + Subsidy – Indirect taxation 3700 + 200 – 500 = 3400 Net National Product at Factor Cost Gross Domestic Price at Factor Cost + (Exports Imports) Depreciation 3400 + (2000+ 1000) – 200 = 4200 Net National Output at Market Price Gross Domestic at Market Price + Net factor income from foreign countries Depreciation 3700 + 900 – 200 = 4400 The Net Investment Gross Investment Depreciation 1000 – 200 = 800 Corporate Profit 2.3 Conclusion of Task 2 In the conclusion of task 2, there have some problem will occur when calculating the national income. We have to avoid the the problem recurs again by more practice of the calculating the national income. References Staniford, S. (2012). Early Warning: US vs EU GDP Growth. [online] Earlywarn.blogspot.com. Available at: http://earlywarn.blogspot.com/2012/02/us-vs-eu-gdp-growth.html Patel, F. (2014). Difficulties Faced while Calculating National Income | guesspapers.net. [online] Guesspapers.net. Available at: http://www.guesspapers.net/1337/difficulties-faced-while-calculating-national-income/ Statista, (2014).United States Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate 2014 | Statistic. [online] Available at: http://www.statista.com/statistics/263614/gross-domestic-product-gdp-growth-rate-in-the-united-states/ Murakami, Y., Patrick, H. and Yamamura, K. (1987). The Political economy of Japan. 1st ed. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Neal, L. (2007). The economics of Europe and the European Union. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stone, R. and Stone, G. (1962). National income and expenditure. 1st ed. Chicago: Quadrangle Books. Hiroyuki, O. (1992). Growth through Competition, Competition through Growth : Strategic Management and the Economy in Japan. 1st ed. [ebook] Oxford, GBR: Clarendon Press, p.203. Available at: http://library.olympia.edu.my:2051/lib/olympia/docDetail.action?docID=10274571p00=japan%20economy Kemal, S. (2009). Measuring the Economy : GDP and NIPAs. 1st ed. [ebook] New York, NY, USA: Nova, p.15. Available at: http://library.olympia.edu.my:2051/lib/olympia/docDetail.action?docID=10671149p00=united%20states%20gdp Steve, V. (2001). U.S. and Japan Relations in a Changing World. 1st ed. [ebook] Washington, DC, USA: Brookings Institution Press, p.262. Available at: http://library.olympia.edu.my:2051/lib/olympia/docDetail.action?docID=10026222p00=japan%20united%20states Appendix Appendix 1 Appendix 2

Controversy About Vaccinations Against Infectious Diseases Essay

Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases Vaccines are one of the most controversial topics in modern medicine and will continue to attract more attention in the years ahead. Most new parents dutifully take their babies to their doctor to be vaccinated, at the prescribed times. However, over the last few decades, there have been several scares concerning vaccinations, and the possible side effects of them. Some parents have refused to have their child vaccinated because of some of these scares, and the truth is, they have been blown out of proportion by the press and it can be very confusing for the general public. In order to balance this extraordinary influence, parents will need to make a well informed decision about vaccines for their children. It is, of course, very important that before anybody embarks on a course of vaccinations, they should know both the benefits and the risks associated with them. Therefore, in order to begin thinking about whether vaccinations should be compulsory for all children, there are some issues to be addressed. Some parents may feel it unsafe to put chemicals into such young children; especially if there have been uncertainties about particular vaccines. An example of this is the DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus) vaccine. Infants are meant to receive at 2/3/4 months. However, there are several side effects that parents fear, although very unlike to occur, they are very drastic and have stopped parents have letting their children have the vaccine. People have also been unsure about the effectiveness of the diphtheria vaccine, infact when the vaccine was once compulsory; there was a 17... ...errible diseases that could harm them, and since the vaccines have been introduced, there have been lower death rates in children. There may be some side effects to some of the vaccinations, but it is not worth risking not vaccinating them. It is unsafe to assume that herd immunity will wipe out the risk of catching the disease as so many parents today are not having their child vaccinated. I feel that it is a good idea that under most circumstances, vaccination against infectious diseases should be made compulsory for all children. In a situation when a child is more likely to react very badly to a particular vaccine, alternative methods could be used. But I feel it important that children of today are all immunised so that, in the future, hopefully, such diseases would not be a threat to the children of tomorrow.

Social Issue

Juvenile compensated dating and ways to tackle it It has recently arouse to the public’s attention that the issue of juvenile Enjo kosai, in English means juvenile compensated dating, has been worsening in Hong Kong. According to the survey reports conducted by The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong (FPAHK) in 2011 and the Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers and Therapists (HKASERT) in 2009, 23% of school girls accepted compensated dating behavior with almost 24% among them accepted compensated dating with sexual transection; and nearly 5% of school girls had engaged in this immoral activity.School girls involving compensated dating may easily fall victim to both physical harm as well as mental illness. In order to alleviate this worrisome situation, people might propose prohibiting this immoral activity by legislation. However, it is not an entirely effective way to put an end on this issue. Rather, we have to combat with its root causes, girls inv olved in compensated dating since they have inadequate sexual knowledge, they are being materialist and they are lack of care and love.These problems can be tackled by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a â€Å"Values of Life† topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school social workers. First, school girls involved in compensated dating because they have inadequate sexual knowledge. FPAHK’s Youth Sexuality Study (2011) revealed 67% and 19% girl respondents believe that external ejaculation is an effective contraception method and the number of sexual partners is not related to the chance of infecting sexually transmitted diseases respectively.School girls were lack of knowledge about the seriousness and the adverse effects of inappropriate sexual relationships. Both physical harm and emotional problem will inevitably result. They might get pregnant accidentally and they might suffer in venereal diseases, like AIDS and HIV, which are incura ble. Besides, they might lose faith in relationship and having impaired feeling of self-esteem. Consequently, they might suffer in mental illness like depression, or even suicidal thought. Their ignorance of sex knowledge led them to underestimate the vigilance of improper sexual relationship, as a result, they involved in compensated dating.Another root cause of compensated dating is school girls are being materialist. They desire for materials and money in order to show off to others or make others think highly of them. In their mind, the importance of money and materials transcend morality, dignity and chastity. The HKASERT’s survey of compensated dating (2009) indicated that 87% girl respondents involved in compensated dating to earn money to enable high consumption (for example, to purchase well-known brand handbags). School girls pursue for materialistic satisfaction, their greed for money and luxury gifts led them think these are much precious than their body and digni ty.Thus, school girls involved in compensated dating for supporting their conspicuous consumption. Apart from school girls’ ignorance and desire, lack of care and love also make a lead to their participation in compensated dating. They were lack of parental love due to various reasons like their parents had long working hours or even need to work abroad. The HKASERT’s survey report indicated that 43% girl respondents engaged in this immoral activity to look for the feeling of being loved while a huge partial among them were grown in single-parent or broken families.They might engage in compensated dating because of their pathetic background. So instead of blaming them for engaging in this immoral behavior unwisely, tackling this worrisome issue by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a â€Å"Values of Life† topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school social workers are much more rational actions before the situation deteriorate. To c ombat compensated dating, most schools arrange some related talks. These talks might help to alert students about the seriousness of this improper activity shortly.In long-term, introducing a compulsory Sex Education Subject in primary schools and secondary schools could help to strengthen sex education among juveniles in Hong Kong. Sex Education has much more pressing needs than the national education. It could awaken school girls the seriousness and the adverse effect and improper sex relationship and strengthen their vigilance. However, sex education might result in the issue of compensated dating being more rampant as school girls access to relevant nowledge about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and contraception methods. Another way to prevent compensated dating is to develop a right value among girls. They engaged in compensated dating out of avarice. Create a new topic about Values of Life in Liberal Studies could help them to build up a right values of life, dignity and chastity should take precedence over money and materials, teach them to cherish their precious bodies. Spiritual wealth is much important than material wealth. They need not compare with others or follow the trend.However, it is hard to refuse following trends with friend under peer pressure or they might isolate by their friends. Besides, arrange more group activities or hiking trips so that they could feel the spiritual happiness from friends and the nature. Nevertheless, there might not be enough time for such time consuming activities. Often, girls engaged in compensated dating were grown in single-parent or broken families, they were lack of parental love and care; therefore, deploying additional social worker at school to care the need of those girls would be an effective approach.Social workers could express solicitude by chatting and communicating with them regularly in order to give girls feeling of being cared and love. Social worker could provide professional counseling support when they seek for assistance. It is worth though it would directly increase schools’ financial expenses. The above solution could help alleviating the worrisome situation of compensated dating. The most important way to tackle this issue is not by tough measures like forcing them to stop this immoral activity, this is just a palliatives way.Instead, by soft approach, strengthen their sex knowledge, building real values of life and showing care and love to them could help to alleviate the issue of compensated dating when they were conscious of the seriousness of this immoral behavior. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Compensated dating: Men (male) give  money  and/or luxury gifts to women (female) for their companionship and, possibly, for sexual favors. (Wikipedia) [ 2 ]. Conspicuous consumption:  the spending of  money  for and the acquiring of  luxu ry goods  and services to publicly display economic power. (Wikipedia)