Political Philosophy and the US Constitution: Influences of Locke and Mill Essay

The US Constitution offers an arrangement of the American governmental system. Interestingly, it was influenced by political philosophers whose works too had inspired people across the globe especially on the values of democracy. This essay is devoted on providing an account of how two men inspired the framers of our constitution namely, John Locke and John Stuart Mill. John Locke was one of the great political philosophers who would defend the existence of a government in our society. It is quite interesting how intellectuals like him begin the journey toward a parsimonious theory by looking deeply into the state of nature. Locke’s state of nature is one where humans have freedom. His was an optimistic view of how men, being equal amongst them establish order in the law of nature which is governed by reason. This reason guides men to avoid doing harm on anyone else’s liberty, health, life and possessions. Yet, men give up their state of nature to preserve their lives, liberties and estates or what he called- property. Read more: Constitution mini q answers essay Property is created by labor. The human effort mixed with natural resources is the criterion that justifies private property. Man’s desire to avoid the disadvantages of the state of nature given the scarcity of resources threatening life and freedom or his â€Å"state of war† is the root of man’s will to form a society and eventually a government, which is established not by a contract but by fiduciary trust. People consent to a political power for three reasons: the establishment of law, an impartial judge for law enforcement, and a penalty to punish law violators. Men formed government in order to preserve these liberties, lives and properties and since they are born with them then no government can take that away from them. Man has inalienable rights and liberty that must be protected- anyone who transgresses the law of nature and whose act causes injury upon others will ought to be penalized. He considers the legislature the highest body of government since it is the one hat preserves the society and creates the laws. According to Locke, the people become trustor and beneficiary while the legislature is the trustee. The legislature holds the supreme power according to Locke upon which the executive must be subordinate, yet the people remain above all organs of the government. These ideas were contained in his â€Å"Second Treatise of Government†, which were likewise adopted in the US Constitution. Locke argued that people has the sovereignty not the rulers. In the Declaration of Independence it was stated that, â€Å"governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. † This is an illustration of how Locke influenced the US Constitution by ensuring that the rulers are accountable to the people. The legislature assures that the law must apply to all; they must not be arbitrary and not oppressive; they must not raise taxes without people’s consent and; must not transfer its law-making body to anyone else. A presidential democratic system of government was preferred since Locke himself did not believe in the divine supremacy of a monarchy. The government does not have rights, only the people have. Locke asserts that the people have supreme power to remove or alter the legislative when they find a legislative act contrary to the trust reposed in them. Since property precedes government, and considering that it is the end to which men unite into a political society, the state then cannot take away any of his property without his consent. This is manifested in the Fourteenth Amendment to the constitution of the United States saying that, â€Å"no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process. † The Constitution itself that was chartered by the majority is higher than the rulers. The Supremacy Clause of Article VI establishes the â€Å"rule of law,† which supports the idea that the government itself, with the Congress and the Executive, must abide by the law. Locke too conceptualized on the â€Å"separation of powers† and governmental â€Å"checks and balances†. Locke believed that the importance of rationality as a human faculty, could overrule the interests of the public good if left unchecked in the legislature. He was also pessimistic of the concentration of powers in only one body of government as it could lead to tyranny and abuses. Locke’s theories of disobedience also shed light to the right of individuals to political association and political opinion. Accordingly, revolution is not only a right but also an obligation. It must be noted that people’s obedience to the government is due to the latter’s protection of their values. When government encounters dissolution from within- for instance when the president overrides the laws and defeats the legislature, the people are at liberty to erect a new government by changing persons, form of government or both. Failure of the state to provide or sustain that protection would result to people’s replacement of the government. There are three types of commonwealth according to Locke-democracy, monarchy, or oligarchy. Treating the Commonwealth as not necessarily a democracy for any type can be considered one if it promotes the public good, people always have the power to change government type determined by the holder of legislative power. Yet rebellion however is justified in the instances where the people are made miserable, could be avoided if free communication channels are maintained; besides revolution doesn’t occur in little mismanagement of the public affairs. There are better ways as initialized by the Constitution on how to formally replace ineffective leaders that is through impeachment and through peaceful elections. Hence, the overall contribution of John Locke to the US Constitution are the following; limited government, inalienable individual rights, and inviolability of property. The First Amendment of the US Constitution protects freedom of speech and expression. This is probably John Stuart Mill’s greatest contribution in political philosophy with application to US politics. Mill focused on how the practice of one’s absolute freedom like freedom of opinion and sentiment, which is an essential component of liberty, should prevail, as it is critical to the determination of truth and justice. According to him, unless absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment- scientific, moral and theological- is guaranteed, a society is not completely free. Mill guards against a tyranny of opinion and feeling. He guards against the tyranny of the majority, which is a result of ethical norms proposed by society. Hence, he referred to eccentricity as a character when and where strength has abounded, perhaps as a result of courage to pronounce one’s belief albeit there is already one that is generally accepted. Democracy should arise from a condition where majority has been able to show genius, courage and vigor-which are personalities of eccentrics. Mill calls for individualism and creativity. Mill explains his defense of expression of opinion using a utilitarian perspective- that maximization of one’s freedom is for the benefit of the society as it breeds human progress due to competition of ideas. First, Mill states that the â€Å"opinion which we silence may be true and in silencing it we assume our own infallibility; though the silenced opinion may be erroneous on the whole, it may be partly true, and because the prevailing opinion on any matter is rarely the complete truth, it is only by the collision of adverse opinions that the remainder of truth has any chance of being supplied; even if the prevailing opinion be the complete truth, it will inevitably become dogma, prejudice and formula unless it is exposed to the challenge of free discussion† (Ebenstein, 2000). Mill opposes majority rule, as it appears to him a domination of a specific class. He prefers representative government as it brings about representation of the minorities. This suggestion was adopted in the US Constitution specifically on the election of presidents and vice-presidents by Electoral College and by creating a legislature consisting of district representatives. Locke and Mill’s insights are useful in our political environments up to this date. They have enabled democracy to flourish in America by insisting on their liberal traditions. In international relations, their principles are similarly utilized in the promotion of rights and freedom as well as the protection of every state’s territory and the designation of international institutions, which are tasked to protect nations from abuses and external threats. References: Amar, Akhil Reed. America’s Constitution – A Biography. New York, NY: Random House, 2005. Ebenstein, William and Alan Ebenstein. Great Political Thinkers: Plato to Present. 6th Edition. Thomson Wadsworth. 2000. â€Å"John Locke†. Democracy and the Origins of Constitution. In http://www. sullivan- county. com/bush/constitution. htm Shields, Currin. â€Å"The Political Thought of John Stuart Mill. † In http://www. ditext. com/mill/rg/shields. html

Apollo 13 Communication Plan

A Self Reflection: While working on the communication project, we were fortunate to have had Ron Howard’s â€Å"Apollo 13† movie for reference to comprehend the complexity the team faced upon the incident that befell the mission. Both Gene Kranz (Lead Flight Director and Project Manager) and Jim Lovell (Apollo’s commander) maintained absolute control of a chaotic situation. While the team was becoming intractable, Kranz reigned in by channeling the ideas with â€Å"one at a time people† and asking his engineers to â€Å"quiet down, Let's stay cool, let's work the problem† successfully taming an already chaotic situation through effective communications. In this dire situation, the only possible way to get the astronauts home was through extraordinary teamwork and ingenuity, led by Kranz, who was adamant that â€Å"Failure is not an option. † It was an unprecedented display of resolve, inventiveness and above all an exhibition of the utmost emotional intelligence there is. Awed by the interpersonal skills and assertiveness of Gene Kranz, I reflected back on my own life experiences where I could have been on more solid footings had I been able to control my emotions and use them wisely for a better outcome. This assignment really served as a virtual lab where I repeatedly found myself asking what if it were me in their stead? What would I do? How would I behave? What would I say? And above all would I have what it takes to bring the astronauts back home? This exercise asserted that the need to clearly define roles, responsibilities and objectives, and to communicate them to the stakeholders is paramount. We are, each of us, part of the system. We all serve an equally important role, and objectives cannot be achieved without the contribution of all. Aucoin states in chapter nine â€Å"the projects are all â€Å"right-brain† projects†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One can appreciate the value of this sentence after working the communication exercise, as the inspiration it conveyed was truly boundless. Indeed I will put forward and utilize the right-brain capabilities in my own projects moving forward. Applying those right-brain concepts to the information technology sphere of work would definitely put a positive spin on projects as we often manipulate ideas, concepts, and models before committing to the implementation. We frequently fail because we focus on technology ignoring the communication and collaboration piece and rarely utilize the right-brain concepts that can help us align our technology with the common goal.

Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. 2. Identify the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. 4. Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues†¦show more content†¦public school buses. However, she also worries about the location tracking data being misused. â€Å"I don’t want anybody watching them that’s not supposed to be watching them,† she notes. Others feel the same way. Location tracking has benefits, but it also opens the door to potential invasion of privacy. Many people may not like having their physical move125 126 Part One Organizations, Management, and the Networked Enterprise ments tracked so closely. Location information might help direct a tow truck to a broken-down car, but it could also be used to find out where the driver went during the lunch hour. For similar reasons, privacy advocacy groups have opposed the use of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags in consumer items. RFID tags are small silicon chips equipped with tiny antennas that enable them to communicate with RFID readers and track the location of items as they move. When placed on individual products, they allow companies to tell exactly when a product leaves a store or learn more about the actions of consumers buying the products. Designer Lauren Scott had planned to add radio frequency tags to the childrens’ clothing she designed to help parents keep track of their children. An RFID tag sewn into a child’s clothing could store vital medical information or track the wearer’s location to prevent children from beingShow MoreRelatedEthics : Ethical And Ethical Valu es1591 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is ethics? How are ethical values formed? Can ethics be taught or changed? Explain why ethics are important to MIS. How do ethics relate to laws and to codes of conduct? What are Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development and how does that relate to ethics in MIS? Ethics is defined as the branch of philosophy that involves organizing, defending and endorsing the concepts of right and wrong behavior. Several factors contribute to the formation of ethical values of an individual including familyRead MoreInformation And Communication Technologies ( Icts )909 Words   |  4 Pagesmonitoring system is a vital part of telemedicine and free soft ware in the current world machines like one above makes the monitoring of the patient easy to an extent that every potential danger is clearly understood before it causes any problem to the patient. The monitoring systems like infant warmer makes alarms when temperature rises or falls, Numerous risk points contribute to alarm- and monitoring-related adverse events, including alarm fatigue, com-munication breakdowns, training issues, and equipmentRead MoreIndividual Rights and the Business Organization1543 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, businesses and individuals face a number of ethical issues which arise due to different internal and external environmental factors and impact the individuals within and outside the organizations. The ethical issues which negatively impact the privacy, morale, and societal values of individuals include fraudulent business practices and unethical tactics to grow business operations and profitability (Harbert, 2007). The major ethical considerations for organizations must be focused on implementingRead MoreThe Increase of State Surveillance in the United States and United Kingdom511 Words   |  3 Pagesto privacy,. This has lead to the ethical issues from the use or misuse of technology, one such ethical issue is should a government have the right to use technology to monitor its citizens without their knowledge or approval? For this reason this paper will examine what the terms ethics, ethical issue and state surveillance refer to. Next, an exploration into the ethics of governmental monitoring from the perspective of a variety of ethical systems such as: ethical formalism, act utilitarian, ruleRead MoreEthical Issues Regarding Information Technology1638 Words   |  7 PagesEthical issues regarding the use of information technology are changing rapidly in our advancing modern society. Historically information technology had seen limited applications and impacts on society in general. More recently, however, this has been changing as information technology has become a part of nearly every business, and personal activity. I will discuss how Information technology has brought about significant societal ethical changes. Users of technology in society and business todayRead MoreCybercrime And The Fight Against Cybercrime1227 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The modern society has experienced profound effects due to information systems which characterize almost all facets of individual and community life. Accordingly, a large amount of research has been dedicated to creating understanding about this phenomenon. Arguably, this may have overshadowed the debate on the ethical, social and legal issues that have accompanied the advent of information systems (Schell Martin, 2004). In particular, while many people are aware of cybercrime, veryRead MoreCyberspace Of Business Ethics Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesservices. We use the web and all its powerful resources to educate ourselves and to gain knowledge. We are able to look for, join and keep up with special interest groups and to discuss topics of interest to us. We research serious as well as mundane issues on line. In summary, cyberspace has become an interactive worldRead MoreEthical Issues Of Social Media963 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues in Social Media Emerging Information Technologies are faced with numerous ethical issues. One of the most centers of ethical debate in Information Technology is social networks. Social networking has changed from a niche phenomenon to mass adoption. Although the concept of social networking was formulated in the 1960s, the advent of fast internet has sent the concept viral. Currently, social networks have been dogged with myriad ethical issues. Privacy issues are the epicenter of theseRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On The Ethics Of Organizational Communications1213 Words   |  5 Pagescommunications. How have the internet, e-mail, social media, etc., changed the landscape and associated practices and strategies? Technology moves at a pace that can easily outrun ethical standards surrounding its use. Sometimes it is very easy to outrun the ethical side of the communication process. This has led to courtroom battles, quick job terminations and complaints filed with the National Labor Relations Board. There are several ethical issues that need attention at a workplace. MonitoringRead MoreThe Cloud Of Cloud Computing Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagescloud computing. (Rightscale, 2015) In cloud computing, Clients access computers in the cloud over a system, specifically the web. The cloud is composed of the computers, the product on those computers and the system associations. The computers in the cloud are situated in server farms or server ranches which can be gotten to from wherever on the planet (Rainer and Cegielski, 2013). Privacy Issues Generally, privacy can be defined as the rights to be free of unreasonable personal intrusion. In

The Research Of Second Language Acquisition ( Sla )

INTRODUCTION The research of second language acquisition (SLA) and its theories surged in the twentieth century. At a first glance, the definition of SLA may seem clear, however when analysed further it becomes clear that the subject is a bit more complex. Nevertheless, a good definition of it could be as follows: â€Å"a study of †¦ the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or outside a classroom.† (Ellis, 1997:3) From the 1940s to the 1960s, a psycholinguistic theory known as behaviourism (stimulus-response), was developed, becoming recognised as a legitimate theory behind SLA. This was a positivist approach towards language learning which involved the interference and transfer between a speaker’s first†¦show more content†¦By providing a theoretical framework, then going on to discuss the arguments for and against the CA hypothesis, a conclusion on its reliability will be drawn. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In order to fully understand the reasons for which the CA hypothesis has fallen into decline, with questions of its reliability in being sufficient in the explanation of errors made by L2 learners, it is necessary to examine other theories behind SLA. Firstly, as aforementioned, behaviourism (and therewith CA) was one school of thought, popularised by B.F Skinner and John Watson. CA is explained in Robert Lado’s Linguistics Across Cultures (1957, p. 2) in which he asserts that those elements that are similar to the [learner s] native language will be simple for him, and those areas that are different will be difficult. By this, Lado meant that errors made in the L2 (by learners) are due to habits which differed from the structures in their L1 and these errors would thus reflect the L1’s structure. However, there is another notable hypothesis which aims to explain the errors made by learners of a second language, that being Larry Selinker’s â€Å"interlanguage† hypothesis. According to Rod Ellis (1997:33), this was coined in recognition of the fact that, although L2 construct a linguistic system that does adopt part of the L1 structure, but is also differs from it and also from the target language. This means that the

The Grimm Brothers Essay - 1152 Words

The Grimm Brothers Any good fairy tale may captivate a child’s (or adult’s) mind, but few could argue that, to be truly enchanting, a tale needs great illustrations. Two of the most influential fairy tale tellers in history were the German Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm. Both very intelligent scholars, they knew how to spin a tale in the most effective way possible. However, they had plenty of work just dealing with the tales’ text, so in the area of illustration, they let their younger brother Ludwig take over, beginning with the second edition of their fairy tales. The fifth child of six in the Grimm family, Ludwig, who was always called Louis, did not necessarily follow in the scholarly footsteps of his two older brothers.†¦show more content†¦His landscapes included tranquil pastoral views from his home principality of Hesse-Kassel and busy urban scenes from cities like Berlin. He also pictured the interiors of buildings and gardens, often with grand parties and important meetings shown in their midst. Showing an interest in nature, Ludwig even made drawings of some varieties of plants and insects. He worked in many styles and media, too, ranging from rough sketches to detailed engravings, from blurred watercolors to meticulous drawings. One of Ludwig’s greatest artistic gifts was his ability to give very real personalities to the faces of his subjects by using various facial expressions and a masterful command of the different positions and characteristics of the eyes. This ability, along with his interest in nature and his u se of a myriad of subjects, including all types of people and landscapes, lent itself well to the illustration of fairy tales. The second edition of the first volume of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales marked Ludwig’s first involvement with fairy tales. Achim von Arnim, who lent money, editing and publishing services, and advice to the Grimms, had only one criticism of the enormously successful first edition of Fairy Tales: it needed illustrations. The logical choice to fill this void in the second edition was Ludwig, who made a series of engravings to accompany the text published in 1819. Since that book was published, nearly everyShow MoreRelatedThe Grimm Brothers And The Brothers1120 Words   |  5 Pagesstories are handed down generation to generation. When the brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, started to publish a different type of story that depicted ordinary characters that overcame tough situations through supernatural and violent means, it caught attention among the people. These stories portrayed characters that not only possessed abnormal characteristics, but also had the lives of their adv ersaries end rather abruptly. The Grimm brothers collected extensively on fairy tales depicting violentRead MoreThe Brothers Grimm, By Jacob Grimm And Grimm1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brothers Grimm, Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, encountered problems that made them print these folk stories. After their books were printed, other problems were created because of it. They had to exchange ideas with many people to be able to write their books. Many forms of literature were explored to create the masterpiece that Jacob and Wilhelm made. Stories like Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, and Rapunzel had horrendous storylines that would probably not make many people show them to their childrenRead MoreThe Movie The Brothers Grimm 1151 Words   |  5 Pagesa really good job making sure they don’t make Repunzel look weak and giving her a lot of power, but they totally forget about the male of the story Flynn Ryder. The Brothers Grimm on the other hand manage to have no masculine stereot ypes for the prince but they make Repunzel look like a helpless lamb. In the original Brothers Grimm fairytale Repunzel just agrees to marry a total stranger and has no second thoughts about such a plan. In Tangled she ties him up and hits him over the head with a fryingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Brothers Grimm 930 Words   |  4 PagesThesis The Brothers Grimm are telling different versions of the same tale, however, they are using both pieces to illustrate human behaviors and characteristics through the use of both young and old characters to provide a deeper meaning and to challenge the idealisms that a person grows up with. Similarity 1 — The role of religion food as a catalyst The bread and the apple both make a small but important appearance in Hansel and Gretel and The Juniper Tree respectively. Representing the catalystRead MoreBrothers Grimm Fairytales 1741 Words   |  7 Pagesfairytales were, I loved certain ones and there were ones that I wouldn’t watch. I loved â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† and â€Å"Cinderella†. As a child, fairytales gave me hope for a happy ever after. I would often go looking for prince charming or see if my brothers turned into talking mice. When I was younger I lived next to a forest. My friends and I would hop over the gate and play â€Å"Snow White†. We would switch up the parts every day and when it got dark we played â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†. Until one day anRead MoreThe Grimm Brothers: Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm1571 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: I chose to research fairytales, specifically fairytales by the Grimm brothers. Fairytales are short stories that tend to consist of fantasy people, places, and objects. Many of these consist of fairies or magical creatures. Most fairy tales start off with â€Å"Once upon a time†, or â€Å"In a faraway land†. Many times in fairytales objects are enchanted and can talk or move. The most common characters in a fairy tale are prince and princess. A lot of fairy tales are retold throughout generationsRead MoreThe Brothers Grimm Essay2439 Words   |  10 Pagesone way or another altering the tale to reflect a piece of their life in the work . The Brothers Grimm wrote hundreds of fairy tales in their life time and in these works they used their childhood experiences as reference. Because of the hardships they faced growing up their tales take on a more gruesome approach to fairy tales. Because their mother was their only caregiver growing up, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm reflec t their fondness towards her through the strong willed, independent female charactersRead MoreA Brief Look at the Brothers Grimm817 Words   |  3 Pagesmeeting her very own prince charming? These popular fairy tales were created by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Their primary motivation when starting their collection of fairy tales was to preserve culture rather than entertain, but entertain is what they did. These fairy tales, and versions of them, have remained popular for a very long time, outlasting most other works of literature. The Brothers Grimm adapted these well-known stories from around Europe to reflect their own personal views, GermanizeRead MoreThe Fairy Tales By The Grimm Brothers1198 Words   |  5 PagesSociety has and always will continue to have a great influence on many things such as, music, to movies, and even fairy tales that we thought we knew so well. More specifically, society has influenced the Grimm fairy tales. The original Grimms tales that were collected would now be considered dark, gruesome, explicit and something that children should not, for any reason read. Because of this, over time society wanted a change in what their children were hearing, reading and now seeing. The talesRead MoreThe Influences of the Brothers Grimm Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brothers Grimm were academics best known for publishing collections of folk tales and fairy tales, which became massively popular. (Zipes p. 7) Born in Hanau, Germany, a year apart, with Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm born the oldest, on January 4, 1985, and Wilhelm Karl Grimm on February 24, 1786. Their family consisted of nine other siblings, six of which survived infancy, and their parents. (Zipes p. 9) Their early childhood was described as idyllic with them living in a beautiful countryside

Business Strategy Singapore Changi Airport

Question: Define the Report for Business Strategy of Singapore Changi Airport. Answer: Introduction Singapore Airlines, which is located at the Singapore Changi Airport, is the flag carrier of the country. It highlights the countrys national sign and symbol. The company is involved customer service to the people and is one of the leading names in the airline industry. The company was founded on 1 May 1947 (Heracleous and Wirtz 2014). It was founded as Malaysian Airways. The company commenced the operation of the business from 1 October 1972. The company has an alliance with the company Star Alliance. The slogan of the company is A Great Way to Fly. The headquarters of Singapore Airlines is at Airline House, Singapore. The company at present has 24,350 employees in the workplace. Singapore Airlines ranks among the top 15 carriers in the world regarding revenue and ranks among the top 10 for the total capacity of the airway. Singapore Airlines has become a trendsetter and enjoy a brand name and value. The International Air Transport Association named the Singapore Airline as the seco nd largest airline. Discussion It has been viewed that Singapore Airlines had developed into a brand name and has become a trend setter. It has become one of the worlds renowned cargo and passenger carriers. In due course the company has become a trendsetter with major attention given to is operation strategy. it has been seen that the operation strategy of the company contributes to the competitive advantage of the company and the reason behind it being a brand name. There are certain strategies that Singapore Airline uses and discharges to the public (Heracleous and Wirtz 2014). Major attention was given to the development of the in-flight services. Major effort is given on the improvement of the facilities and services at Changi airport. It is complemented by innovative technology. It introduced the concept and practically implemented the technology of wireless gatelink. This was implemented within diameter of the airport in order to share data successfully and improve the various levels of functions that were carried out within the organization (Rothaermel 2015). Another example of innovation was providing entertainment on demand to all classes. This strengthened the customer satisfaction, which the company required to maintain brand value and customer loyalty in the process. Therefore, major attention was given on the improvement of technology, which could benefit the company and in the process increase the profitability. The company stresses on training programs so that employees are trained in discharging quality service and consequently contribute posi tively to high level of satisfaction among people. The employees are motivated to looks after the needs and requirement of the customers so that they can provide the best quality service to the customer, which will help the company to achieve customer satisfaction and in the process help the company to strengthen its brand image and profitability index of the company. However, the negative point of this strategy is that increase the cost and investment of the company in technology and training program. Therefore, the challenge of rising cost is an important consideration that the company has to make. It is the negative side of this operational strategy. The cost of developing in house facilities and technology depicts the negative side of this operational strategy (Verbeke, 2013). One of the highlighting strategies that Singapore Airlines adopt is the dual strategy. This strategy highlights the two main aspects of differentiation and cost leadership that the company adopts. According to this strategy the company focuses on providing quality service to the customers. It can be seen that recruitment procedures, high level training and cultural diversity contribute to the quality service that the company provides to the passenger. Cost leadership is another strategy of the company and it can be seen that the company employs low cost strategy to maintain high profitability index (Garg, Agarwal and Acharya 2016). The company outsources the non-primary activities and follows strict standards, low maintenance cost to enable the company to maintain low cost in the process. It helps the company to maintain high profitability index without affecting the price of the service. It creates customer satisfaction, helps the company in making a strong customer base and thereby helps the company to grow and expand in the process. It helps the company to fight competition and gain the competitive edge in the process. In the current situation of price war, one fact that needs to be noted is that dual strategy is a potent weapon to combat this situation (Schofield 2016). However, there is a negative side to this as well. The dual strategy is a difficult and a tricky proposition. Sustainability in the longer run is the major drawback of this strategy. It is difficult to sustain this strategy in the longer run. It tends to involve conflicting investment and organizational procedures (Bentley, Omer and Sharp 2013). Thus, it is not possible to continue this process and strategy in the long run. The airline company follows a strategy termed as internal growth strategy. This strategy embarks on an aggressive growth approach that the company adopts. The two subsidiaries of the company assist the company in growth and expansion of the company. SIA Engineering plays a critical role in increasing the productivity and assumption of better opportunities in business (Lin 2015). The advent of globalization has led the company to expand internationally and indulge in cross country dealings. The company invests in different airline companies and develops new subsidiaries in different countries so that it improves and provides enhanced level of support to its airlines. The investment helps the company to improve the various elements of the company. It helps to renovate the cabin and other necessary departments that are subjected to continuous scrutiny and maintenance. It helps the company to keep the price level low and enables the company to have a high bargaining power over the suppli ers. It gives the company the competitive edge and the brand value that the company genuinely requires. it assists the company in expanding its size, fleet and adds route. However, this strategy has its necessary pitfalls as well. It can be seen that globalization has mixed blessings. The cyclical trend of economy has a major effect on this strategy. The Asian Financial Crisis compelled the company to re-evaluate and re assess the operation cost of the company and the investments it made it different airline companies because the financial crisis had a major effect on the investments and operation cost of the company (Johnson 2014). The customer oriented approach adopted by the company makes it give significant emphasis on the service that is given to people. For this purpose, training programs are given primary importance. The emphasis is given on training the recruits and employees about the importance of culture and cultural diversity. It majorly stresses deportments and ethical practices. It emphasises on effective communication level that will ensure better understanding and communication with the passengers. The cabin crew of the company are effectively trained to efficiently communicate with American, Chinese and Japanese passengers (Schofield 2016). However, it can be seen that such training programs are expensive and time consuming. It increases the expenditure level of the company and at the same time it is noticed that cultural issues are very critical and sensitive issue and thus, there could be major shortcomings in such regards. On evaluating the swot analysis of the company, the advantages and feasibility of the strategies and operations can be depicted. It is seen that the strength of the company lies in strong customer, proper hub in Singapore and able support from the Government. The weakness of the company is seen in international traffic, high competition, tension between trade union and management. Opportunities include improvising training programs, global expansion policies in Middle East, China and India. The threat for the company is noticed in the increasing price of oil and fuel cost. Increasing number of competitors also pose a major threat to the company (Buckley, Burton and Mirza 2016). Conclusion Thus, concluding the essay, it can be viewed that the business strategies adopted by Singapore Airlines is highly strategic and efficient. There are certain pitfalls that is noticed in the strategies and approach assumed by the company. The dual strategy adopted by the company is highly beneficial and it ensures that the company has a high customer base and high profitability index. These strategies have helped the company to ensure a sound customer base with good and resounding profitability level. The company has been a global name and the increasing brand value in the airline industry. The critical evaluation of the business strategies of the company shows the pros and cons of these strategies and highlights the scope of the company in terms of growth and profit in the longer run. Reference List Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Buckley, P.J., Burton, F. and Mirza, H. eds., 2016.The strategy and organization of international business. Springer. Garg, M., Agarwal, D. and Acharya, S., 2016. A Study on Sensory Advertising and Impact on Consumer Behaviour 2016.PARIPEX-Indian Journal of Research,5(2). Heracleous, L. and Wirtz, J., 2014. Singapore Airlines: Achieving sustainable advantage through mastering paradox.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, p.0021886314522323. Johnson, B., 2014. Reflections: A perspective on paradox and its application to modern management.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,50(2), pp.206-212. Lin, Y.H., 2015. Innovative brand experience's influence on brand equity and brand satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(11), pp.2254-2259. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Schofield, A., 2016. Mixing models: Singapore Airlines refines the formula for low-cost carrier ownership.Aviation Week Space Technology. 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The Corner Shop free essay sample

Analysis and interpretation of †The Corner Shop† In the last decades globalization has forced every country in the world to define what values and unique characteristics makes the country different and exceptional. The essay â€Å"The Corner Shop† is written by the British writer and former journalist at the centre-left liberal newspaper The Guardian Shyama Pereras in 2000, and it deals with this exact topic. She puts focus on how globalization has taken a thing considered as a unique specimen of a nation and changed it into something foreign. The corner shop stands today as a daily reminder that we all live in a global village. Shyama Pereras starts her essay with a quote from the Sunday Times that says â€Å"if your surname is Partel, you’re seven times more likely to be a millionaire than if your name is Smith†. To understand this statement, it’s important to understand the history of the name Partel. We will write a custom essay sample on The Corner Shop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Partel is a surname of Indian origin. Within the United Kingdom, it is the twenty-fourth most common surname nationally, and in central London it is third most common. When The Sunday Times uses Partel in comparison with the surname Smith, which is the most common name in the United Kingdom, she puts every Englishman up against every middle-eastern immigrant in the United Kingdom. What the Sunday Times really is saying, is that when you’re a middle-eastern immigrant you have a much bigger chance of being a millionaire than if your part of the indigenous English population. Pereras chooses to involve this Sunday Times â€Å"rich list†, to underline the actuality and legitimacy, which this topic has in today’s society. To exemplify she gives a daily example that especially Englishmen know and can relate to: The corner shop. This compressed form of shop where you can buy the basics such as alcoholic and soft drinks, newspaper, magazines and simple groceries has since the concepts entry been considered as a core-British asset. Shyama Pereras describes the corner shop as much more than just a little shop; it is â€Å"the center of community life†, these sights are used for locals to meet and greet. Back in time Brits used these shops as a place where they could buy their â€Å"New Zealand butter, Ceylon Tea and the Daily Herald† – all goods that are British trademarks. However did the Corner Shops undergo a drastic change up through the centuries – as the increasing globalization took its toll in the last part of 19th century, the assortment of different supplies from around the world expanded and suddenly there was a decline in demand of old traditional British articles. Here Shyama Pereras uses her own experience to further clarify this development. Her local corner shop sold the articles that you would expect from a shop like that however did a similar shop with an Indian owner expand the range of goods so it now also included readymade curry chicken, even to an unbeatable price. As a result of this, the traditional corner shop weren’t able to compete and had to close down. This wasn’t an exceptional case, the vast majority of the traditional British corner shops were replaced by a redesigned, more efficient, middle-eastern business model. Shyama Pereras doesn’t show a particular opinion in this essay. She simply explain how globalization has had its impact on our everyday life. The urbanization and multicultural flow has turned the view on what is considered as a unique characteristic of a nation and what is foreign, upside down. She calls the foreigners who came and overtook the corner shop market â€Å"innovative reinventions†. Foreign people came to the shores of the United Kingdom and took something that was the very essence of being British and changed it into something better and more efficient – it may not be as tradition-bound, but the indigenous British people has accepted this in return of a much more varied, and for some, more exciting and exotic selection of goods. Another explanation to this phenomenon could be that the Brits don’t see it as a â€Å"high status job† to be standing behind a counter all day. It may have been more socially acceptable in the old days to own a corner shop than it is today due to the economic growth of the western hemisphere and an increasing number of immigrants, who would be more than satisfied with a job in a corner shop. Shyama Pereras deals with globalization as the general theme in this essay. She tries to give an answer to how the corner shop has changed from being a symbol of nationality, to a symbol of internationality. Pereras writes through the eyes of an indigenous Brit by saying â€Å"we didn’t like† and â€Å"none of us saw at the time† which gives a feeling of her being a part of the affected group of globalization. Shyama Pereras concludes her essay with the statement: â€Å"the concept, steeped in white British history, is now a marker of our multi-ethnic future. † This underlines a tendency in modern society: that what is a national unique gem today – may be global mainstream tomorrow. .